Publication: Tradición y copia en la ilustración de manuscritos bíblicos en la Península Ibérica. Las Biblias de San Isidoro de León (1162) y San Millán de la Cogolla (ca. 1200)
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2017-05-04
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Biblia fue, sin duda, el texto más importante del occidente medieval. Su ilustración llegó a su apogeo en el siglo XII e inicios del XIII, marco cronológico de esta tesis doctoral, con una intensa producción de manuscritos en toda Europa de las Escrituras Sagradas, habitualmente en gran formato, de varios volúmenes y extensamente decorados. La península ibérica formó parte de este auge, más aún cuando la iluminación del texto bíblico contaba con una consolidad tradición en este territorio que se remonta al menos al siglo X. De entre los códices bíblicos realizados en los reinos hispánicos durante este periodo, destacan dos por las similitudes que existen entre ellos en cuanto a su ilustración: una Biblia rematada en la canónica de San Isidoro de León en 1162 (León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, Códice III), y otra fabricada en el monasterio de San Millán de la Cogolla (La Rioja) en torno al año 1200 (Madrid, Real Colegiata de la Historia, Códices 2-3). A su vez, los ciclos de miniaturas de estos ejemplares se asemejan de manera extraordinaria a una obra anterior, la Biblia de San Isidoro de León del año 960 (León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, Códice II). Las relaciones entre estos manuscritos fueron puestas de manifiesto por John Williams en varios estudios publicados en los años 60, en los que este autor proponía la existencia de una tradición castellana de ilustración bíblica que incluiría estos tres códices, y algún otro hoy perdido. En esta tesis doctoral se analizan, por tanto, estas dos Biblias extensamente iluminadas, ejemplos de primer orden de la miniatura hispana plenomedieval, cuyas afinidades ilustrativas denotan su dependencia de modelos parejos, de tal manera que se pueden establecer paralelos extraordinariamente estrechos entre ellas. Todavía más, el códice realizado en el año 960 en el monasterio de Valeránica (Burgos), uno de los scriptoria más notables de la Alta Edad Media en la península ibérica, funcionó efectivamente como modelo directo de la Biblia isidoriana de 1162. Dada la rareza que supone la conservación de un prototipo y su copia, todavía más cuando existe un tercer eslabón en esta cadena de influencias e inspiraciones, el cotejo de los tres ejemplares permite una cuantiosa extracción de datos, inalcanzable a través del examen de piezas aisladas...
The Bible was, undoubtedly, the most important text in western Christianity. Its illustration reached a peak in the 12th and 13th centuries, chronological frame of this doctoral thesis, when manuscripts containing the Scriptures were copied all around Europe. These codices were usually quite large, divided into several volumes and extensively decorated. The Iberian peninsula, where the illumination of the biblical text had an established tradition dating back, at least, to the 10th century, played an important part in this process. Among the Bible codices made in the Iberian kingdoms during this period, two stand out because of the similarities that exist among their illustration: a Bible produced at the canonry of San Isidoro de León in 1162 (León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, Códice III), and another made at the monastery of san Millán de la Cogolla (La Rioja) around the year 1200 (Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, Códices 2-3). Their miniature cycles are also very similar to an older volume, the Bible of San Isidoro de León made in 960 in the abbey of Valeránica in Burgos (León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, Códice II). The connections between these manuscripts were noted by John Williams in various studies published in the 1960s, where the author suggested the existence of a Castilian tradition of Bible illustration that would include these three codices, as well as others nowadays lost. This doctoral thesis analyses the extensively illuminated Bibles of San Isidoro and San Millán, whose similarities indicate their dependence from analogous models. Furthermore, the codex made in the year 960 in the monastery of Valeránica (Burgos), one of the most important scriptoria in the Iberian peninsula during the early Middle Ages, functioned as the direct prototype of the 1162 Isidorian Bible. Due to the rare preservation of a model and its copy, complemented in this case with a third link in this fascinating chain of influences and inspirations, a comparative analysis of the three manuscripts provides large amounts of information, unattainable through the exam of isolated pieces...
The Bible was, undoubtedly, the most important text in western Christianity. Its illustration reached a peak in the 12th and 13th centuries, chronological frame of this doctoral thesis, when manuscripts containing the Scriptures were copied all around Europe. These codices were usually quite large, divided into several volumes and extensively decorated. The Iberian peninsula, where the illumination of the biblical text had an established tradition dating back, at least, to the 10th century, played an important part in this process. Among the Bible codices made in the Iberian kingdoms during this period, two stand out because of the similarities that exist among their illustration: a Bible produced at the canonry of San Isidoro de León in 1162 (León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, Códice III), and another made at the monastery of san Millán de la Cogolla (La Rioja) around the year 1200 (Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, Códices 2-3). Their miniature cycles are also very similar to an older volume, the Bible of San Isidoro de León made in 960 in the abbey of Valeránica in Burgos (León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, Códice II). The connections between these manuscripts were noted by John Williams in various studies published in the 1960s, where the author suggested the existence of a Castilian tradition of Bible illustration that would include these three codices, as well as others nowadays lost. This doctoral thesis analyses the extensively illuminated Bibles of San Isidoro and San Millán, whose similarities indicate their dependence from analogous models. Furthermore, the codex made in the year 960 in the monastery of Valeránica (Burgos), one of the most important scriptoria in the Iberian peninsula during the early Middle Ages, functioned as the direct prototype of the 1162 Isidorian Bible. Due to the rare preservation of a model and its copy, complemented in this case with a third link in this fascinating chain of influences and inspirations, a comparative analysis of the three manuscripts provides large amounts of information, unattainable through the exam of isolated pieces...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia del Arte I (Medieval), leída el 23/06/2016