Publication: Synthesis and microstructural properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by selective leaching of zinc from spent alkaline batteries using ammoniacal ammonium carbonate
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Publication Date
2017-04-01
Authors
López, Felix A.
Cebriano Ramírez, Teresa
García Díaz, Irene
Rodríguez, Olga
López Férnandez, Ana
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Elsevier LTD.
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Abstract
Two different precursors of zinc oxide were prepared via the ammoniacal ammonium carbonate leaching of the black mass obtained during the recycling of alkaline batteries. For a concentration of 0.1 mol/L of ammonium in the leaching solution, zinc basic carbonate, was obtained, while for higher ammonium concentrations (0.5 and 1 mol/L), zinc ammonium carbonate was the final product. These precursors were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FFIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and calcined to obtain ZnO. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the resulting zinc oxide samples indicated a wurtzite hexagonal lattice with a parameter values ranging from 3.23 angstrom to 3.30 angstrom, and c parameter values from 5.18 angstrom to 5.21 angstrom (values close to typical). The room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the zinc oxide samples showed two main bands: a high energy UV-blue band centred at either 412 or 382 nm (depending on the NH3 concentration of the leaching solution used), and a green band centred at 527 nm. These emission bands are comparable to those reported for pure zinc oxide.
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(C)2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This work has supported by the Envirobat España S.L. and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MINECO (Projects MAT 2012- 31959 and CSD2009-00013) and MINECO/FEDER (MAT2015-65274-R; 2016-2019).
Dr. Irene García-Díaz expresses her gratitude to the gs3:Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for their Postdoctoral Junior Grants (Ref. FPDI-2013-16391) contracts co-financed by the European Social Fund.
PhD. Ana López Fernández expresses her gratitude to the Comunidad de Madrid for their Technical Junior Grants (Ref. PEJ15/AMB/Al-0049) contracts co-financed by the European Social Fund.