Publication: Characterization and control of laser ablation plasmas for the synthesis of new materials and as optical nonlinear media
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2017-05-09
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El trabajo descrito en esta memoria de tesis titulada: “Caracterización y control de plasmas de ablación láser para la síntesis de nuevos materiales y como medios ópticos no lineales”, ha sido realizado en el grupo de Láseres, nanoestructuras y procesado de materiales del Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” perteneciente al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC en Madrid. El proceso de ablación láser tiene lugar cuando un haz lo suficientemente intenso interacciona con un material, generalmente designado como blanco de ablación. La radiación del láser es absorbida por el blanco, dando lugar a un aumento de su temperatura. Dependiendo de la intensidad de la radiación, pueden tener lugar procesos como la ruptura de enlaces, fundido y vaporización de las capas más próximas a la superficie y en última instancia la eyección de una pequeña cantidad de material formándose un plasma de ablación. El plasma generado se expande preferentemente en la dirección perpendicular a la superficie del material en forma de lo que se conoce como pluma de ablación. Como consecuencia del proceso, el material sufre una serie de cambios físicos observables en la superficie, siendo el más evidente la formación de un cráter. La ablación láser es por lo tanto un proceso muy complejo que depende de las propiedades de la radiación láser empleada y de las propiedades del material ablacionado. Por este motivo, la investigación encaminada a profundizar en los mecanismos de ablación y a extender y mejorar su aplicación en distintos ámbitos científicos y tecnológicos es de gran interés. Una de las características más destacables de la ablación láser es su universalidad, ya que en principio cualquier material puede ser ablacionado. El proceso de ablación permite retirar una pequeña cantidad de material de forma controlada y transferir a la fase gas especies que de otra forma sería complicado obtener. Todo ello hace de la ablación láser un proceso muy atractivo en campos como el procesado y la síntesis de materiales o el análisis químico, entre otros...
The work described in this thesis, entitled: “Characterization and control of laser ablation plasmas for the synthesis of new materials and as optical nonlinear media”, was carried out in the Lasers, nanostructures and materials processing group at the Institute of Physical Chemistry “Rocasolano” of the Spanish National Research Council, CSIC in Madrid. Laser ablation is a physical process taking place as a consequence of the interaction of a sufficiently intense laser beam with a material, usually referred as ablation target. The energy deposited by the laser is absorbed by the target, leading to a temperature increase, which in turn, depending on the laser intensity, can lead to events like bond breaking, melting and vaporization of the surface layers and ultimately to ejection of a small amount of material generating a laser ablation plasma. The induced plasma expands preferentially in the direction normal to the target surface in the form of a plasma plume. As a consequence of the ablation, the material undergoes a series of observable physical changes. Laser ablation is therefore an extremely complex process, depending both on the properties of the laser radiation and on the properties of the target material. For this reason, research aimed at studying the ablation mechanisms and to extend and improve its application in different fields of science and technology is of great interest. One of the main characteristics of laser ablation is its universality, as in principle, all materials can be ablated. This process allows the controlled removal of a small amount of material and to entrain in the gas phase species that otherwise would be difficult to obtain. All these characteristics make laser ablation a highly attractive process in fields such as materials processing and synthesis or chemical analysis among others...
The work described in this thesis, entitled: “Characterization and control of laser ablation plasmas for the synthesis of new materials and as optical nonlinear media”, was carried out in the Lasers, nanostructures and materials processing group at the Institute of Physical Chemistry “Rocasolano” of the Spanish National Research Council, CSIC in Madrid. Laser ablation is a physical process taking place as a consequence of the interaction of a sufficiently intense laser beam with a material, usually referred as ablation target. The energy deposited by the laser is absorbed by the target, leading to a temperature increase, which in turn, depending on the laser intensity, can lead to events like bond breaking, melting and vaporization of the surface layers and ultimately to ejection of a small amount of material generating a laser ablation plasma. The induced plasma expands preferentially in the direction normal to the target surface in the form of a plasma plume. As a consequence of the ablation, the material undergoes a series of observable physical changes. Laser ablation is therefore an extremely complex process, depending both on the properties of the laser radiation and on the properties of the target material. For this reason, research aimed at studying the ablation mechanisms and to extend and improve its application in different fields of science and technology is of great interest. One of the main characteristics of laser ablation is its universality, as in principle, all materials can be ablated. This process allows the controlled removal of a small amount of material and to entrain in the gas phase species that otherwise would be difficult to obtain. All these characteristics make laser ablation a highly attractive process in fields such as materials processing and synthesis or chemical analysis among others...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 24-10-2016