Publication: La Iglesia Magistral de Alcalá de Henares en la universidad cisneriana, 1499-1831: (génesis, desarrollo y fortuna)
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2017-05-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Desde 1977 venimos trabajando sobre la universidad fundada en Alcalá de Henares por el Cardenal Jiménez de Cisneros, alma mater de la que son hijas la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y la actual Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. Y ha sido a lo largo de nuestros trabajos cuando hemos advertido la desvalorización, cuando no el olvido, en que incurren los historiadores contemporáneos de Alcalá de Henares al tratar las relaciones del Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso-Universidad de Alcalá con la Santa y Muy Insigne Iglesia Magistral de los Santos Justo y Pastor, hoy catedral de la Diócesis Complutense. De ahí que consideremos necesaria una revisión y coordinación de las fuentes históricas para poner en valor este importante aspecto, difuminado hasta hoy en la historiografía de la universidad complutense, que fue el principal elemento diferenciador de la fundación cisneriana en los siglos de oro respecto a las restantes universidades de su tiempo, exceptuando la flamenca de Lovaina fundada en 1425, de cuya Colegiata de Saint Pierre tomaría Cisneros el modelo para su templo Magistral. Advertida dicha laguna en la historiografía universitaria de Alcalá de Henares posterior al siglo XIX, el presente trabajo obedece a la necesidad de recuperar la memoria de la Iglesia Magistral complutense, como un importante órgano perteneciente al complejo institucional docente fundado por Cisneros. Para intentar una narración con la mayor fluidez posible, dentro de la amplitud de perspectivas que nos ofrecía el objeto de nuestro estudio, hemos procurado seguir cronológicamente el decurso histórico de la Iglesia Magistral complutense, partiendo de sus orígenes, toda vez que las circunstancias sociales, políticas, culturales y religiosas que determinaron su devenir, al ser variables a lo largo del tiempo, han condicionado y puesto en valor su existencia desde el siglo IV hasta nuestros días. Y así hemos utilizado como eje central del presente trabajo la biografía del templo como centro de un culto desarrollado a lo largo de diecisiete siglos en las sucesivas etapas de la Historia de España desde el año 306 en que tuvo lugar el martirio de los Santos Justo y Pastor, titulares del templo, hasta el año 1831 en que, con la supresión pontificia de los cancelarios de las universidades hispánicas, concluyeron las funciones académicas de la titulada por Trento Magistral Insigne. También hemos tenido en cuenta la influencia de la espiritualidad renovadora de la Devotio Moderna ejercida desde el Studium Generale y la Iglesia Magistral de San Pedro de Lovaina en Flandes. Como consecuencia de la presente investigación se aborda por primera vez la convergencia de la espiritualidad humanística flamenca del siglo XV con el pensamiento reformista del observante franciscano Jiménez de Cisneros, aspecto ignorado hasta hoy por la historiografía...
Since 1977 we have been working on the history of the university founded in Alcalá de Henares by Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, alma mater of both the Complutense University of Madrid and current University of Alcalá de Henares. Throughout our works we have become aware of the devaluation, if not oblivion, experienced by contemporaneous historians of Alcalá de Henares when considering the relationship between San Ildefonso University College-Alcalá University and the Pious and Most Eminent Magisterial Church of Saints Justo and Pastor in Alcalá de Henares, today Cathedral of the Complutense Diocese. For this reason we consider that it is necessary to revise and coordinate the historical sources in order to enhance the value of this important aspect, blurred up to date in the historiography of the Complutense University. This fact was the main differentiating factor of the foundation of Cisneros in the golden ages with regard to other universities of its time, except for the Flemish University of Leuven, founded in 1425, whose Saint Peteŕs Collegiate church served as model to Cisneros for his Magisterial Church. Once issued the above warning on the University of Alcalá de Henares historiographic gap subsequent to the 19th century, it should be explained that the present work responds to the need to recover the memory of the Magisterial Church of Alcalá de Henares, important institution that belongs to the academic institutional facilities founded by Cisneros. In order to provide a fluent explanation, considering the wide perspectives offered by the objective of our study, we have tried to follow chronologically the historical course of the Magisterial Church of Alcalá de Henares. We have gone back to its origins because the social, political, cultural and religious environment has determined its time varying historical path that has conditioned and enhanced the value of its existence since the 4th century to the present day. And this way we have used as backbone of the present work the biography of the church as center of worship developed throughout seventeen centuries in the successive stages of the history of Spain from 306, date of the martyrdom of the Saints Justo and Pastor, who give name to the church, until 1831 when the pontifical suppression of the chancellors of the Hispanic universities finished with the academic functions of the Most Eminent Magisterial Church, as named by the Council of Trent. We have also taken into account the influence over the reinvigorating spirituality of Devotio Moderna exercised from the Studium Generale and Saint Peter's Church of Leuven in Flanders. As a consequence of the present research it has been reviewed for the first time the convergence of the humanistic flemish spirituality of the 15th century with the reformist thought of the franciscan observant Jiménez de Cisneros, being this aspect ignored up to now by the historiography...
Since 1977 we have been working on the history of the university founded in Alcalá de Henares by Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, alma mater of both the Complutense University of Madrid and current University of Alcalá de Henares. Throughout our works we have become aware of the devaluation, if not oblivion, experienced by contemporaneous historians of Alcalá de Henares when considering the relationship between San Ildefonso University College-Alcalá University and the Pious and Most Eminent Magisterial Church of Saints Justo and Pastor in Alcalá de Henares, today Cathedral of the Complutense Diocese. For this reason we consider that it is necessary to revise and coordinate the historical sources in order to enhance the value of this important aspect, blurred up to date in the historiography of the Complutense University. This fact was the main differentiating factor of the foundation of Cisneros in the golden ages with regard to other universities of its time, except for the Flemish University of Leuven, founded in 1425, whose Saint Peteŕs Collegiate church served as model to Cisneros for his Magisterial Church. Once issued the above warning on the University of Alcalá de Henares historiographic gap subsequent to the 19th century, it should be explained that the present work responds to the need to recover the memory of the Magisterial Church of Alcalá de Henares, important institution that belongs to the academic institutional facilities founded by Cisneros. In order to provide a fluent explanation, considering the wide perspectives offered by the objective of our study, we have tried to follow chronologically the historical course of the Magisterial Church of Alcalá de Henares. We have gone back to its origins because the social, political, cultural and religious environment has determined its time varying historical path that has conditioned and enhanced the value of its existence since the 4th century to the present day. And this way we have used as backbone of the present work the biography of the church as center of worship developed throughout seventeen centuries in the successive stages of the history of Spain from 306, date of the martyrdom of the Saints Justo and Pastor, who give name to the church, until 1831 when the pontifical suppression of the chancellors of the Hispanic universities finished with the academic functions of the Most Eminent Magisterial Church, as named by the Council of Trent. We have also taken into account the influence over the reinvigorating spirituality of Devotio Moderna exercised from the Studium Generale and Saint Peter's Church of Leuven in Flanders. As a consequence of the present research it has been reviewed for the first time the convergence of the humanistic flemish spirituality of the 15th century with the reformist thought of the franciscan observant Jiménez de Cisneros, being this aspect ignored up to now by the historiography...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia Moderna, leída el 09-01-2017