Publication: Polímeros de impronta molecular micro y nanoestructurados para la fabricación de sensores ópticos
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2017-05-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Abstract
En la actualidad, existe un interés creciente en la detección y cuantificación de una gran variedad de compuestos orgánicos, de bajo peso molecular, que se utilizan en la vida cotidiana y que han demostrado ser peligrosos tanto para la salud del ser humano como para el medioambiente. Estos compuestos incluyen aditivos utilizados en alimentos, fármacos empleados tanto en medicina clínica como veterinaria, en ocasiones de forma fraudulenta, y productos secundarios o residuales asociados a las actividades humanas e industriales. Así, la lista de moléculas con potenciales propiedades tóxicas, nocivas, carcinógenas y, en general, con un impacto negativo en la salud de los organismos vivos, no ha parado de crecer en los últimos años. Por todo ello, las autoridades competentes trabajan en el desarrollo de nuevas legislaciones que permitan minimizar el impacto de estos compuestos a todos los niveles. En este sentido, el empleo de sensores químicos puede ser de gran utilidad para monitorizar, en tiempo real, la presencia de estas especies en distintos tipos de muestras y confirmar que, efectivamente, se cumplen las normas establecidas en la legislación. Los polímeros de impronta molecular (MIPs) son materiales sintéticos de reconocimiento selectivo que presentan interesantes ventajas frente a las moléculas biológicas, para el desarrollo de sensores químicos, tales como: facilidad de preparación, bajo precio, durabilidad, robustez y propiedades de reconocimiento similares a los receptores naturales. Sin embargo, también presentan ciertas desventajas: limitado reconocimiento en medios acuosos, menores constantes de afinidad que los receptores biológicos, reactividad cruzada frente a compuestos estructuralmente relacionados y tiempos de incubación relativamente largos para alcanzar una señal estable...
Nowadays, the interest in the detection and quantification of several low-molecular weight organic compounds, widely applied in daily life, has increased as some of them have demonstrated harmful effects on human health and the environment. These compounds include food additives, drugs used in clinical and veterinary medicines, sometimes misleadingly, and even both waste and by-products related to human or industrial activities. The total amount of molecules showing toxic, harmful or carcinogenic properties and, in general, with negative impact on the health of living organisms, has dramatically grown during the last years. Thus, competent authorities work hard on the development of new severe legislations to minimize the impact of these compounds at different levels. In that sense, the use of chemical sensors for real-time detection of these analytes in different kind of samples ensures that the laws are obeyed, and the legislation objectives are fulfilled. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic and selective recognition materials which show interesting advantages over biological molecules for the development of chemical sensors, such as ease of preparation, low cost, durability, robustness, and with the recognition properties of natural receptors. However, they also exhibit some drawbacks such as the limited recognition in aqueous media, lower affinity constants towards the template molecule compared to their biological counterparts, cross-reactivity to structurally related compounds and relatively long incubation times required to reach a stable signal...
Nowadays, the interest in the detection and quantification of several low-molecular weight organic compounds, widely applied in daily life, has increased as some of them have demonstrated harmful effects on human health and the environment. These compounds include food additives, drugs used in clinical and veterinary medicines, sometimes misleadingly, and even both waste and by-products related to human or industrial activities. The total amount of molecules showing toxic, harmful or carcinogenic properties and, in general, with negative impact on the health of living organisms, has dramatically grown during the last years. Thus, competent authorities work hard on the development of new severe legislations to minimize the impact of these compounds at different levels. In that sense, the use of chemical sensors for real-time detection of these analytes in different kind of samples ensures that the laws are obeyed, and the legislation objectives are fulfilled. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic and selective recognition materials which show interesting advantages over biological molecules for the development of chemical sensors, such as ease of preparation, low cost, durability, robustness, and with the recognition properties of natural receptors. However, they also exhibit some drawbacks such as the limited recognition in aqueous media, lower affinity constants towards the template molecule compared to their biological counterparts, cross-reactivity to structurally related compounds and relatively long incubation times required to reach a stable signal...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Analítica, leída el 10-11-2016