Publication: La Ley 7/1998 de 13 de abril de condiciones generales de la contratación: control jurisdiccional y especialidades procesales
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2017-06-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las condiciones generales de la contratación, que la ley define como aquellas cláusulas predispuestas cuya incorporación al contrato sea impuesta por una de las partes, con independencia de la autoría material de las mismas, de su apariencia externa, de su extensión y de cualesquiera otras circunstancias, habiendo sido redactadas con la finalidad de ser incorporadas a una pluralidad de contratos, constituye hoy en día una forma generalizada de contratar a través de la cual se ponen en el mercado bienes y servicios de amplio consumo. Es objeto de estudio en este trabajo este tipo de contratación en masa por medio de condiciones generales de la contratación. Este fenómeno que surge y se desarrolla con la revolución industrial del s.XX, adquiere relevancia en la segunda mitad de ese siglo. Supone un cambio importante y radical en la contratación civil y mercantil que plasman los códigos promulgados en el s.XIX, que partían de la libertad de las partes para regular sus relaciones contractuales y esa libertad de pactos venía a constituir la Ley del contrato, cuyo cumplimiento y exigencia era amparada por los tribunales de justicia. Esa perspectiva cambia cuando se utiliza el contrato con condiciones generales que se redacta o utiliza por una sola de las partes del contrato (el empresario o profesional) y se impone a la persona que quiere adquirir el bien o servicio que se pone en el mercado, la cual no tiene otra alternativa que aceptar el contrato con sus condiciones previamente redactadas o renunciar a adquirir el bien o servicio. En la regulación de esta materia han tenido influencia decisiva la protección del consumidor que en los últimos años del s.XX ha irrumpido en el campo del Derecho como una parte del contrato que merece especial protección, para lo que es básico la transparencia, la buena fe y el equilibrio de prestaciones que debe primar en un mercado de bienes y servicios regido por la libre y leal competencia...
The investigation aims to study the procedural norms contained in Law 7/1998 (April 13 1998) General Conditions on Contracts ( LCGC). This modality of contracts, fully generalized on the market today, is usually, used to put on the market extensive consumers’ goods and services. However, its peculiarity in relation to the classical modes of contraction also gave rise to new controversies between the contract parties, the manager or professional (predisponent) whom imposes the general conditions to the interested parties in acquiring the commercialized good or service, these can be consumers and users or another manager or professional. The main objective of the study is to analyse the procedural norms that are regulated in the special legislation about general conditions of contracts aimed to answer the needs of guardianship tha arise from actions regulated by law, as the law ascribes the control of these same general conditions, exclusively, to the court. The norms include two kinds of provisions: a) substantive orders that the court has to take into account in the proceedings of the control’s process; b) a series of procedural specialties scattered in the Law of Civil Suit (LEC) and in LCGC itself ,keeping in mind that LEC did not decide in organizing a special process in that matter. Also, you have to take into consideration the norms contained in the Revised Text of the General Law for the Defense of consumers and Users (TRLGDCU) most of all on the qualification and regulation of the abusive clauses to which norm LCGC refers. In the procedural field for the defense of the rights that spring from this model of contracts, two standard actions are envisaged: with individual and collective actions with a well defined target according to one or the other. Individual actions rise from the contract itself signed by both parties, which are legitimized to demand the rights and obligations included in the contract, on an equal basis as any other contract, with the procedural specialty LCGC that the judicial statement of non-embodiment to the contract or nullity of the general conditions clauses only the adherent (not the predisponent) can urge it in accordance with the general rules that govern the contractual nullity...
The investigation aims to study the procedural norms contained in Law 7/1998 (April 13 1998) General Conditions on Contracts ( LCGC). This modality of contracts, fully generalized on the market today, is usually, used to put on the market extensive consumers’ goods and services. However, its peculiarity in relation to the classical modes of contraction also gave rise to new controversies between the contract parties, the manager or professional (predisponent) whom imposes the general conditions to the interested parties in acquiring the commercialized good or service, these can be consumers and users or another manager or professional. The main objective of the study is to analyse the procedural norms that are regulated in the special legislation about general conditions of contracts aimed to answer the needs of guardianship tha arise from actions regulated by law, as the law ascribes the control of these same general conditions, exclusively, to the court. The norms include two kinds of provisions: a) substantive orders that the court has to take into account in the proceedings of the control’s process; b) a series of procedural specialties scattered in the Law of Civil Suit (LEC) and in LCGC itself ,keeping in mind that LEC did not decide in organizing a special process in that matter. Also, you have to take into consideration the norms contained in the Revised Text of the General Law for the Defense of consumers and Users (TRLGDCU) most of all on the qualification and regulation of the abusive clauses to which norm LCGC refers. In the procedural field for the defense of the rights that spring from this model of contracts, two standard actions are envisaged: with individual and collective actions with a well defined target according to one or the other. Individual actions rise from the contract itself signed by both parties, which are legitimized to demand the rights and obligations included in the contract, on an equal basis as any other contract, with the procedural specialty LCGC that the judicial statement of non-embodiment to the contract or nullity of the general conditions clauses only the adherent (not the predisponent) can urge it in accordance with the general rules that govern the contractual nullity...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 03-02-2016