Publication: El rostro de la deambulancia en Puerto Rico: estudio crítico del discurso de los estudiantes de Trabajo Social
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2017-06-13
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Declaración de los Derechos Humanos de 1948, en el artículo 25 establece que toda persona tiene derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado que le asegure, así como a su familia, la salud y el bienestar, y en especial la alimentación, el vestido, la vivienda, la asistencia médica y los servicios sociales necesarios. Esto fue escrito hace más de 65 años con el fin de mitigar situaciones como la deambulancia. Sin embargo sigue siendo un ideal o una aspiración a conseguir. De hecho, a día de hoy, son miles de personas las que siguen necesitando los mínimos recursos para satisfacer sus necesidades básicas y, en concreto, siguen careciendo de alojamiento y de una mínima seguridad vital. En el caso concreto de Puerto Rico en que se centra básicamente el trabajo, según datos estadísticos del Conteo De Personas Sin Hogar del Continuum Of Care PR-502, conocido como “Conteo Boricua”, en el año 2015 se contabilizaron 2,068 personas incluidas en los 54 municipios no metropolitanos del ámbito de Puerto Rico, mientras que en el 2013 se habían contabilizado 1,654, reflejando un aumento significativo. Importante señalar que estos datos solo expresan una parte de la realidad, ya que no incluyen los municipios del área Norte de Puerto Rico, ni las personas que se encuentran en hogares transitorios o permanentes. Resulta curioso constatar la variedad de términos que se utilizan para señalar la situación de indigencia que denominamos deambulancia. En inglés, suelen utilizarse los términos “homeless” o “homelessness”, en francés se utilizan términos como “clochard” o de manera descriptiva personas “sans domicile fixe”, en portugués se habla de “pesoas em situación da rua”. En español la variedad de opciones es amplísima pues se habla de indigentes, linyeras, crotos, torrantes, cirujas, caminantes, desocupados, marginados de la calle, vagabundos, mendigos, deambulantes, los sin techo y/o los sin hogar y muchas otras más. Sin embargo, al final todas tienen el mismo denominador común: la marginación y la exclusión social a la que se enfrentan día a día...
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, article 25 provides that every person has the right to an adequate standard of living that ensures both the individual and family, health and wellness, and including food, dress, housing, medical care and necessary social services. This was written more than 65 years ago to mitigate situations such as the homeless, but it is still an ideal or an ambition to achieve. Indeed, to this day, thousands of people still remain in need of minimal resources to meet their basic needs and, in particular, still lack a minimum of vital security and accommodation. In the so-called "Boricua Count" of 2015 where 2,068 persons included in the 54 non-metropolitan municipalities, while in 2013 there were 1,654, reflecting a significant increase. It is important to note that this data only express a part of reality, since it does not include the municipalities of the north area or people who are in non- permanent homes. It is curious to note the variety of terms used to designate the situation of destitution that we call homeless. In English, they tend to use the terms "homeless" or "homelessness", in French people use terms such as "clochard" or descriptively "sands domicile fixe", in Portuguese is said as "pesoas em situation da rua". While in Spanish the variety of options are wide because known for homeless people as, hobo, useless, torrents, junkman, travelers, walkers, unemployed, marginalized from the street, beggars, street urchins, wandering, the homeless or the ones with no home at all as well as and many more. However, at the end we all have the same common denominator: the marginalization and social exclusion which face day by day. The truth is that both globally, as well as in Puerto Rico, the situation of homeless people is one of the most hardest and complex tasks which may be facing, since this situation is the reflex or the outcome of other social ills which awaits our society...
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, article 25 provides that every person has the right to an adequate standard of living that ensures both the individual and family, health and wellness, and including food, dress, housing, medical care and necessary social services. This was written more than 65 years ago to mitigate situations such as the homeless, but it is still an ideal or an ambition to achieve. Indeed, to this day, thousands of people still remain in need of minimal resources to meet their basic needs and, in particular, still lack a minimum of vital security and accommodation. In the so-called "Boricua Count" of 2015 where 2,068 persons included in the 54 non-metropolitan municipalities, while in 2013 there were 1,654, reflecting a significant increase. It is important to note that this data only express a part of reality, since it does not include the municipalities of the north area or people who are in non- permanent homes. It is curious to note the variety of terms used to designate the situation of destitution that we call homeless. In English, they tend to use the terms "homeless" or "homelessness", in French people use terms such as "clochard" or descriptively "sands domicile fixe", in Portuguese is said as "pesoas em situation da rua". While in Spanish the variety of options are wide because known for homeless people as, hobo, useless, torrents, junkman, travelers, walkers, unemployed, marginalized from the street, beggars, street urchins, wandering, the homeless or the ones with no home at all as well as and many more. However, at the end we all have the same common denominator: the marginalization and social exclusion which face day by day. The truth is that both globally, as well as in Puerto Rico, the situation of homeless people is one of the most hardest and complex tasks which may be facing, since this situation is the reflex or the outcome of other social ills which awaits our society...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, Departamento de Filosofía del Derecho, Moral y Política II (Ética y Sociología), leída el 01/07/2016