Publication: Migración andina a Chile. Peruanos, Bolivianos y Ecuatorianos en Atacama
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2017-06-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Este proceso de investigación comienza a fines de la primera década del siglo XXI, en un medio local en que lentamente se comenzaba a hacer patente la llegada de emigrantes de otros países, atraídos por la posibilidad laboral que supone el desarrollo de la minería y fruticultura en la Región de Atacama, en el norte de Chile. Por lo mismo está la posibilidad de indagar en cómo se va dando el proceso migratorio y cómo se van vinculando con la sociedad local. Aunque Chile ha experimentado procesos de migración histórica, en su mayoría inducidos selectivamente desde el Estado con fines de colonización de su vasto territorio, los flujos que se empiezan a evidenciar en los últimos años del siglo pasado se diferencian de los previos por ser espontáneos y provenir ya no de ultramar sino de países sudamericanos vecinos, generando respuestas diferenciales desde la sociedad receptora. A partir de ello se fue focalizando la atención investigativa en tres colectivos andinos: ecuatorianos, peruanos y bolivianos, que fueron llegando en ese mismo orden a la Región de Atacama. Aunque son parte del sustrato pre-hispánico y colectivamente visibles en principio por sus rasgos físicos (fenotípicos) o socio-culturales, un segmento podrá pasar desapercibido y en principio se confundirá con la población local, también mestiza; en cambio otro será más fácilmente identificable y marcado como otro, no nativo de la zona o del país...
This research process begins at the end of the first decade of the twenty first century, in a local environment in which immigrants from other countries were arriving in a sustained though slow progression, attracted by employment possibilities related to the development of mining and fruit-growing in the Atacama region, in the north of Chile. These conditions provided the possibility to examine the migratory process in process and how the immigrants become linked into the local society. Even though Chile has experienced processes of historical migration, they have been mostly induced selectively by the state to colonize its vast territory. On the contrary, the migration flow beginning in recent years differs from the previous one, in that it is spontaneous and originates in neighboring South American countries, not from overseas engendering different responses from the host society. Consequently, the research was focused on three Andean groups: Ecuadoreans, Peruvians, and Bolivians, who arrived in that order to the Atacama region. Belonging to the same pre-hispanic heritage, they are collectively visible at first sight by their physical traits (phenotype) or socio-cultural traits. Nevertheless, a segment may go unnoticed and mixed up with local population; meanwhile part of them will be more easily identifiable and marked as others, the non natives to the area or country...
This research process begins at the end of the first decade of the twenty first century, in a local environment in which immigrants from other countries were arriving in a sustained though slow progression, attracted by employment possibilities related to the development of mining and fruit-growing in the Atacama region, in the north of Chile. These conditions provided the possibility to examine the migratory process in process and how the immigrants become linked into the local society. Even though Chile has experienced processes of historical migration, they have been mostly induced selectively by the state to colonize its vast territory. On the contrary, the migration flow beginning in recent years differs from the previous one, in that it is spontaneous and originates in neighboring South American countries, not from overseas engendering different responses from the host society. Consequently, the research was focused on three Andean groups: Ecuadoreans, Peruvians, and Bolivians, who arrived in that order to the Atacama region. Belonging to the same pre-hispanic heritage, they are collectively visible at first sight by their physical traits (phenotype) or socio-cultural traits. Nevertheless, a segment may go unnoticed and mixed up with local population; meanwhile part of them will be more easily identifiable and marked as others, the non natives to the area or country...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología IV (Métodos de la Investigación y Teoría de la Comunicación), leída el 13-12-2016