Publication: Potencialidades y limitaciones del enfoque construccionista en el análisis de políticas. Modelos analíticos y estudios de caso
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2017-06-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El construccionismo como enfoque en el análisis de políticas se ha caracterizada por una importante densidad teórica y conceptual, pero al mismo tiempo por su debilidad práctica y heurística, en términos de propuestas y modelos para la acción. Esto representa cierta debilidad en la capacidad heurística del enfoque, lo que afecta su uso, aplicación y crecimiento como herramienta integral para el análisis de políticas. Más aún, cuando se sostiene que el análisis de políticas no es un campo en el sentido académico acostumbrado, tiene la meta de resolver problemas prácticos y su tarea es poner a prueba cualquier política a fin de prevenir el error y aprender a corregirlo (Landau; 1977). Siendo un enfoque relativamente nuevo, el construccionismo tiene la necesidad de consolidarse como alternativa de análisis definitiva, a la altura de otros enfoques tradicionales en la disciplina, para lo cual debe suplir este tipo de desafíos. Pues bien, la presente tesis titulada Potencialidades y limitaciones del enfoque construccionista en el análisis de políticas. Modelos analíticos y estudios de caso tiene el objetivo de desarrollar modelos de análisis desde el enfoque construccionista que tengan, además de densidad teórica y conceptual, capacidad heurística, contribuyendo a balancear el desequilibrio actual entre teoría y práctica. Concretamente, se desarrollan dos modelos de análisis. Uno corresponde a un nivel micro de análisis, el cual a través de la categoría “núcleo” se enfoca en el análisis de las políticas públicas concretas. Con dicho núcleo se sostiene que lo más importante en el análisis de políticas es la construcción del problema, el cual está compuesto por tres elementos constituyentes: el enfoque o teoría de entrada, las líneas de acción (intervenciones programáticas) y los indicadores de evaluación, principalmente los de resultados e impactos...
Constructionism as an approach in the policy analysis has been characterized by an important theoretical and conceptual density, but also by its practical and heuristics weakness as regards proposals and action patterns. This represents some kind of fragility in the heuristics capacity of the approach, what affects its use, implementation and growth as a whole tool for policy analysis. Furthermore, when it is argued that policy analysis is not a field in the typical academic sense, it has the aim of working out practical issues and assessing any policy to avoid mistake and learn to correct it (Landau 1977). Being a relatively new approach, the constructionism has the need to consolidate as a definite analysis option, keeping up with other traditional approaches in the discipline; so it has to cover this kind of challenges. Therefore, this thesis titled Potentialities and limitations of the constructionist approach in policy analysis. Analytical models and case studies has the aim to develop models of analysis from the constructionist approach they have, apart from theoretical and conceptual density, heuristic capacity, contributing to balance the present imbalance between theory and practice. Specifically, two models of analysis are developed. One corresponds to a micro level of analysis, which through a “nucleus” category focuses on the analysis of the specific public policies. With such nucleus, it is argued that the most important aspect in the analysis of policies is the construction of the public problem which is made up by three constituent elements: the input theory or approach, course of action (programmatic interventions) and the assessment indicators, mainly the result and impact ones...
Constructionism as an approach in the policy analysis has been characterized by an important theoretical and conceptual density, but also by its practical and heuristics weakness as regards proposals and action patterns. This represents some kind of fragility in the heuristics capacity of the approach, what affects its use, implementation and growth as a whole tool for policy analysis. Furthermore, when it is argued that policy analysis is not a field in the typical academic sense, it has the aim of working out practical issues and assessing any policy to avoid mistake and learn to correct it (Landau 1977). Being a relatively new approach, the constructionism has the need to consolidate as a definite analysis option, keeping up with other traditional approaches in the discipline; so it has to cover this kind of challenges. Therefore, this thesis titled Potentialities and limitations of the constructionist approach in policy analysis. Analytical models and case studies has the aim to develop models of analysis from the constructionist approach they have, apart from theoretical and conceptual density, heuristic capacity, contributing to balance the present imbalance between theory and practice. Specifically, two models of analysis are developed. One corresponds to a micro level of analysis, which through a “nucleus” category focuses on the analysis of the specific public policies. With such nucleus, it is argued that the most important aspect in the analysis of policies is the construction of the public problem which is made up by three constituent elements: the input theory or approach, course of action (programmatic interventions) and the assessment indicators, mainly the result and impact ones...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 18-10-2016