Publication: Efectividad del lavado de manos prequirúrgico en la reducción de la carga bacteriana, utilizando digluconato de clorhexidina y paraclorometaxilenol
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2017-06-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Durante siglos, el lavado de manos con agua y jabón fue considerado una medida de higiene personal, sin embargo, la relación entre el lavado de manos y la propagación de la enfermedad, sólo se estableció en los últimos 200 años. A mediados de la década de 1800, los estudios de Ignaz Semmelweis en Viena y Oliver Wendell Holmes en Boston, establecieron que las enfermedades adquiridas en el hospital, ahora se sabe que por agentes infecciosos, se transmiten a través de las manos del personal sanitario. En 1938, Price estableció que las bacterias recuperadas de las manos se pueden dividir en dos categorías: transitoria y residente. La flora residente consiste en microorganismos que residen en las células superficiales del stratum corneum y también se pueden encontrar en la superficie de la piel. La flora transitoria, que coloniza las capas superficiales de la piel, es más susceptible de eliminarse por el lavado de manos rutinario. En el siglo XIX, Joseph Lister demostró el efecto de la antisepsia de manos en la reducción de la infección del sitio quirúrgico. La preparación quirúrgica de las manos es un elemento crítico en la atención quirúrgica segura, su objetivo es reducir la liberación de bacterias de la piel de las manos del equipo quirúrgico durante el procedimiento en caso de punción inadvertida del guante quirúrgico y la potencial liberación de bacterias a la herida abierta. En contraste con el lavado de manos higiénico, o fricción de manos, la preparación quirúrgica de manos debe eliminar la flora transitoria y reducir la flora residente, así como inhibir el crecimiento de las bacterias bajo la mano enguantada. El espectro de la actividad antimicrobiana para la preparación quirúrgica de manos debe ser lo más amplia posible frente a bacterias y hongos. Los virus, raras veces están implicados en la infección del sitio quirúrgica de manos...
For centuries, handwashing whith water and soap has been considered a mesure of personal hygiene but the link between handwashing and the spread of disease has only been established in the last 200 years. In the mid‐1800s, studies by Ignaz Semmelweis in Vienna and Oliver Wendell Holmes in Boston established that hospital‐acquired diseases, now known to be caused by infectious agents, were transmitted via the hands of health‐care workers. In 1938, Price established that bacteria recovered from the hands could be divided into two categories, namely transient or resident. The resident flora consists of microorganisms residing under the superficial cells of the stratum corneum, and can also be found on the surface of the skin. Transient flora, which colonizes the superficial layers of the skin, is more amenable to removal by routine handwashing. In the 19th century, Joseph Lister demonstrated the effect of hand antisepsis on the reduction of surgical site infections. Surgical hand preparation is a critical element of safe surgical care; it aims to reduce the release of skin bacteria from the hands of the surgical team for the duration of the procedure in the event of an unnoticed puncture of the surgical glove and potential release of bacteria to the open wound. In contrast to the hygienic handwash or handrub, surgical hand preparation must eliminate the transient and reduce the resident flora. It should also inhibit growth of bacteria under the gloved hand. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity for surgical hand preparation should be as broad as possible against bacteria and fungi. Viruses are rarely in surgical site infection and are no part of surgical hand antisepsis test procedures...
For centuries, handwashing whith water and soap has been considered a mesure of personal hygiene but the link between handwashing and the spread of disease has only been established in the last 200 years. In the mid‐1800s, studies by Ignaz Semmelweis in Vienna and Oliver Wendell Holmes in Boston established that hospital‐acquired diseases, now known to be caused by infectious agents, were transmitted via the hands of health‐care workers. In 1938, Price established that bacteria recovered from the hands could be divided into two categories, namely transient or resident. The resident flora consists of microorganisms residing under the superficial cells of the stratum corneum, and can also be found on the surface of the skin. Transient flora, which colonizes the superficial layers of the skin, is more amenable to removal by routine handwashing. In the 19th century, Joseph Lister demonstrated the effect of hand antisepsis on the reduction of surgical site infections. Surgical hand preparation is a critical element of safe surgical care; it aims to reduce the release of skin bacteria from the hands of the surgical team for the duration of the procedure in the event of an unnoticed puncture of the surgical glove and potential release of bacteria to the open wound. In contrast to the hygienic handwash or handrub, surgical hand preparation must eliminate the transient and reduce the resident flora. It should also inhibit growth of bacteria under the gloved hand. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity for surgical hand preparation should be as broad as possible against bacteria and fungi. Viruses are rarely in surgical site infection and are no part of surgical hand antisepsis test procedures...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, leída el 08/11/2016