Publication: Dimensión constitucional de la tutela de los consumidores. Progresividad y control de regresividad de los derechos de los consumidores
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2017-06-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La investigación persigue concretar un análisis sistemático de la dimensión constitucional de la protección de los consumidores y usuarios. Tiene por objeto examinar los diferentes aspectos del control de constitucionalidad de las leyes restrictivas de los derechos de los consumidores y usuarios. Síntesis A la indagación de la faz constitucional de la tutela de los consumidores y usuarios se la enfoca desde distintos puntos de vista: a) respeto al contenido constitucionalmente garantizado de sus derechos, b) en la conexión o yuxtaposición con otros derechos constitucionales (tutela judicial efectiva, derecho a la salud), de lo que podría derivarse una tutela cruzada de derechos, lo que hasta ahora no se ha consolidado en los Tribunales Internacionales, c) como límite razonable de la libertad de empresa. También se subraya un tipo particular de forma que puede asumir el control de constitucionalidad, como escrutinio de la prohibición de regresividad de aquellas normativas que impliquen un retroceso en las conquistas jurídicas alcanzadas por los consumidores y usuarios. A partir del planteo de tales objetivos, se pondera que los derechos de los consumidores constituyen nuevos derechos sociales, puesto que participan de las características de los derechos sociales y económicos y, a la vez, integran la categoría de derechos de tercera generación. También presentan semejanzas con los derechos ambientales, que ya se exteriorizan en una cooperación mutua de técnicas procesales y constitucionales de tutela, lo que permite especular que tal paralelismo conduzca a los derechos de los consumidores por la misma vía que los Tribunales internacionales han abierto para la defensa del ambiente. Esto último cobra mayor relevancia si reparamos que un sector doctrinario, especialmente afincado en Latinoamérica, propugna la identificación conceptual de los derechos de los consumidores y los derechos humanos. Aunque ese razonamiento encuentra actualmente infranqueable resistencia en la comunidad internacional, que sólo ha llegado a admitir, aisladamente, que pueden tratarse, en el mejor de los casos, de derechos humanos soft...
The investigation pursues to concrete a systematic analysis of the constitutional significance of the protection to consumers and users. It has, as an objective, the examination of different aspects of the constitutionality control of the restrictive laws for consumers and users rights. Summary The inquiring of the constitutional face of consumers and users tutelage is focused under different points of view: a) respect to the contents, constitutionally guaranteed, of its rights, b) in the connection or juxtaposition with other constitutional rights (effective judicial tutelage, right to health), from which crossed rights tutelage could be derived, what until now has not been consolidated at International Tribunals, c) as a reasonable limit to freedom of enterprise. It is also pointed a particular way of configuration, that can take on the control of constitutionality, as a scrutiny of the prohibition to return from those norms, which imply a retrocession in the juridical conquests achieved by consumers and users. From the statement of such objectives, it is pondered that consumers’ rights constitute new social rights, because they participate from the characteristics of social and economic rights and, at the same time, they integrate the category of third generation rights. They also present similarities with the environmental rights, which are revealed in mutual cooperation of procedural and constitutional techniques of tutelage, that allow it to speculate that such a parallelism guides to the consumers rights through the same way that International Tribunals have opened to the environment defense. This last statement acquires more importance if we notice that a doctrinaire sector, specially settled in Latin America, proposes the conceptual identification of the consumers’ rights and human rights. Although this reasoning actually finds an insuperable resistance at international community, that only admits, in isolation, that they could be, in best of cases, soft human rights...
The investigation pursues to concrete a systematic analysis of the constitutional significance of the protection to consumers and users. It has, as an objective, the examination of different aspects of the constitutionality control of the restrictive laws for consumers and users rights. Summary The inquiring of the constitutional face of consumers and users tutelage is focused under different points of view: a) respect to the contents, constitutionally guaranteed, of its rights, b) in the connection or juxtaposition with other constitutional rights (effective judicial tutelage, right to health), from which crossed rights tutelage could be derived, what until now has not been consolidated at International Tribunals, c) as a reasonable limit to freedom of enterprise. It is also pointed a particular way of configuration, that can take on the control of constitutionality, as a scrutiny of the prohibition to return from those norms, which imply a retrocession in the juridical conquests achieved by consumers and users. From the statement of such objectives, it is pondered that consumers’ rights constitute new social rights, because they participate from the characteristics of social and economic rights and, at the same time, they integrate the category of third generation rights. They also present similarities with the environmental rights, which are revealed in mutual cooperation of procedural and constitutional techniques of tutelage, that allow it to speculate that such a parallelism guides to the consumers rights through the same way that International Tribunals have opened to the environment defense. This last statement acquires more importance if we notice that a doctrinaire sector, specially settled in Latin America, proposes the conceptual identification of the consumers’ rights and human rights. Although this reasoning actually finds an insuperable resistance at international community, that only admits, in isolation, that they could be, in best of cases, soft human rights...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Constitucional, leída el 24/06/2016