Publication: Estudio PET de la modulación farmacológica de modelos experimentales de crisis epilépticas
Loading...
Files
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2017-06-29
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
La epilepsia se define conceptualmente como un trastorno cerebral que se caracteriza por una predisposición duradera para generar crisis epilépticas (Fisher et al., 2005; Fisher et al., 2014). El término crisis (“seizure”) se define como una descarga eléctrica anormal en el cerebro que causa la alteración de la conciencia, la sensibilidad y el comportamiento (Reddy y Kuruba, 2013). La epilepsia es uno de los trastornos neurológicos más comunes, y afecta aproximadamente al 1% -2% de la población. Se estima que alrededor de 50 millones de personas en el mundo sufren de epilepsia (Sander, 2003). La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal es la forma más común de epilepsia parcial en adultos, y por lo general presenta una alta proporción de resistencia al tratamiento farmacológico. El origen de las crisis se ha relacionado con una desregulación de la actividad neurotransmisora excitatoria glutamatérgica y de la inhibitoria GABAérgica. Por otro lado, poco se conoce de la implicación de otros sistemas neurotransmisores en la epileptogenesis. Así, la participación de la serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina; 5-HT) en la epileptogénesis fue originalmente postulada hace más de 50 años (Bonnycastle et al., 1957). En este sentido, se ha descrito la presencia de diferentes subtipos de receptores de 5-HT que pudieran jugar un papel crucial en la modulación de la excitabilidad neuronal (Bagdy et al., 2007). Sin embargo, en la actualidad, los efectos de la 5-HT y de los fármacos moduladores de su actividad como son los antidepresivos inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de 5-HT (ISRS) han sido asociados tanto a efectos proconvulsivantes como anticonvulsivantes (Jobe y Browning, 2005)...
Epilepsy is conceptually defined as a brain disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures (Fisher et al., 2005; Fisher et al., 2014). An abnormal increase in the neuronal excitability that frequently spreads to nearby areas is under the triggering of the different types of seizures (Reddy and Kuruba, 2013), resulting in alteration in the normal behavior. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. It is estimated that around 50 million of people worldwide suffer from epilepsy (Sander, 2003). Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of partial epilepsy in adults, and it usually presents a high ratio of pharmacoresistance. The temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) model by administration of pilocarpine (or its variant by previous administration of lithium) is one of the most employed animal models of epilepsy (Turski et al., 1983). It is characterized by a rapid status epilepticus (SE) followed by a latent period in which generalized brain hypometabolism (Goffin et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2012) and neuronal damage (primarily in hippocampus) appear (Mello et al. 1993; Wang et al. 2008; Rossi et al. 2013). Brain hypometabolism has been described to appear shortly after the SE onset, returning the metabolic activity to baseline values in the subacute period (Lee et al., 2012)...
Epilepsy is conceptually defined as a brain disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures (Fisher et al., 2005; Fisher et al., 2014). An abnormal increase in the neuronal excitability that frequently spreads to nearby areas is under the triggering of the different types of seizures (Reddy and Kuruba, 2013), resulting in alteration in the normal behavior. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. It is estimated that around 50 million of people worldwide suffer from epilepsy (Sander, 2003). Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of partial epilepsy in adults, and it usually presents a high ratio of pharmacoresistance. The temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) model by administration of pilocarpine (or its variant by previous administration of lithium) is one of the most employed animal models of epilepsy (Turski et al., 1983). It is characterized by a rapid status epilepticus (SE) followed by a latent period in which generalized brain hypometabolism (Goffin et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2012) and neuronal damage (primarily in hippocampus) appear (Mello et al. 1993; Wang et al. 2008; Rossi et al. 2013). Brain hypometabolism has been described to appear shortly after the SE onset, returning the metabolic activity to baseline values in the subacute period (Lee et al., 2012)...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacología, leída el 30/09/2016