Publication: Análisis de un perfil de microARNs como factor pronóstico en cáncer de mama con afectación axilar
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2017-09-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El cáncer es una de las enfermedades de mayor trascendencia en el mundo por su incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad. En España, es la segunda causa de muerte por detrás de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, y es por tanto un problema grave de salud pública (1). Un 30% de los varones y un 25% de las mujeres serán diagnosticadas de cáncer a lo largo de su vida. La incidencia del cáncer aumenta gradualmente en España, pero también desciende su mortalidad, lo cual muestra el progreso en el manejo integral, el avance en los tratamientos y mejoras en diagnóstico precoz y cribado. Por otro lado, el continuo envejecimiento de nuestra población y el aumento de la supervivencia de los enfermos de cáncer conllevan un incremento significativo de la prevalencia de esta en-fermedad (2). Para la preparación de este capítulo se han examinado los datos de informes pre-sentados por la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM) (3) que usaron dife-rentes fuentes: los datos de incidencia que regularmente facilitan GLOBOCAN1 (5) y la Agencia Internacional del Cáncer (IARC) (5), uno de los órganos englobados dentro de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Las estimaciones de GLOBOCAN que se presentan regularmente, aportaban información estratificada por sexo, y reportan la in-cidencia y mortalidad por grupos de edad. Los datos de prevalencia proporcionados incluyen exclusivamente población >15 años...
Breast cancer represents a heterogeneous group of tumors. These various types of breast cancer are defined on the basis of their different histology, clinical evolution and different ge-nomic profile. Molecular profiles have shown significant differences in terms of risk factors, prognosis, and response to treatments. Despite early diagnosis, better classification, and im-proved management, up to 40% of node positive-early breast cancers treated with adjuvant chemotherapy will relapse and eventually die due to metastatic disease. Over the years, adjuvant treatment (defined as chemotherapy, hormonotherapy, and targeted therapy) has become com-monly used. However, the duration of treatment, target population, and regimen have not yet been well established. With this in mind, a large subset of patients is at risk for overtreatment. More accurate strategies are needed to better identify molecular-based therapeutic targets, dis-cover new drugs, and design clinical trials that will facilitate positive results to suitable targeted therapies. Although immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains the gold standard in the histological assessment of breast cancer, the cost and technology needed for gene expression profiling, hope-fully, will become feasible as a routine in the practice...
Breast cancer represents a heterogeneous group of tumors. These various types of breast cancer are defined on the basis of their different histology, clinical evolution and different ge-nomic profile. Molecular profiles have shown significant differences in terms of risk factors, prognosis, and response to treatments. Despite early diagnosis, better classification, and im-proved management, up to 40% of node positive-early breast cancers treated with adjuvant chemotherapy will relapse and eventually die due to metastatic disease. Over the years, adjuvant treatment (defined as chemotherapy, hormonotherapy, and targeted therapy) has become com-monly used. However, the duration of treatment, target population, and regimen have not yet been well established. With this in mind, a large subset of patients is at risk for overtreatment. More accurate strategies are needed to better identify molecular-based therapeutic targets, dis-cover new drugs, and design clinical trials that will facilitate positive results to suitable targeted therapies. Although immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains the gold standard in the histological assessment of breast cancer, the cost and technology needed for gene expression profiling, hope-fully, will become feasible as a routine in the practice...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad Medicina, leída el 19-01-2016