Publication: Eutanasia: nivel de información en la población de la Comunidad de Madrid
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2017-09-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (CAM) se sitúa entre las poblaciones que tienen mayor esperanza de vida y baja fecundidad, con cerca del 16% de su población por encima de los 64 años. Esto supone, que es una población envejecida y enferma y va a necesitar muchos recursos sociosanitarios. La opinión al final de la vida que tengan sus ciudadanos es fundamental para adaptar los recursos que dispone la CAM, a sus necesidades. Se seleccionó el cuestionario, para nuestra investigación, por ser un método de recogida de datos poco costosa. Se puede recoger la opinión en poco tiempo y fácilmente Por tanto, es un método apropiado para reunir las actitudes, conocimentos y opiniones ante estos 4 temas principales de la etapa final de la vida, que abordaremos en nuestra investigación: Cuidados Paliativos (CP), muerte médicamente asistida, Instrucciones Previs (II.PP.) y acompañamiento espiritual. En Madrid los Cuidados Paliativos surgen a comienzos de los años 90 y desde el año 2005 cuenta con un Plan Regional de Cuidados Paliativos. El actual Plan Estratégico de Cuidados Paliativos de la CAM (2010-2014) tiene como objetivos: desarrollar la organización; impulsar la participación del paciente y su entorno; mejorar la accesibilidad y eficiencia; fomentando la formación, investigación, desarrollo e innovación. Sus actuaciones a través de las Unidades de Cuidados Paliativos han pasado a ser un derecho adquirido y una prestación pública, incluida en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Abarcando todos los ámbitos asistenciales: Atención Primaria, Atención Hospitalaria y Atención Sociosanitaria. La muerte médicamente asistida suscita mucha polémica, tras despenalizarse el suicidio asistido en Oregón en el año 1997 y la eutanasia en Holanda en el año 2002. A día de hoy, ambas están penalizadas en España en el artículo 138 y 143 del Código Penal (capítulo dedicado al homicidio y sus distintas formas). En España hasta el 16 de Mayo de 2013, no entró en vigor la Ley 41/2002, de 14 de noviembre, básica reguladora de la autonomía del paciente y de derechos y obligaciones en materia de información y documentación clínica (LAP). Esta norma contempla por primera vez las II.PP. en nuestro país (artículo 11). En dichas II.PP. se considera el principio ético de autonomía como el principal, aunque también otros la sustentan como son: beneficencia, lealtad y respeto a las personas. La Asamblea de Madrid regula el ejercicio del derecho a formular II.PP. en el ámbito sanitario y crea el registro correspondiente, mediante la Ley 3/2005, de 23 Mayo...
The Autonomous Region of Madrid (CAM) is amongst those populations with the highest life expectancy and lowest birth rate, with approximately 16% of its population above the age of 64 years. This means that it is an ageing, ill population which will be needing a great deal of social health care resources. The opinion on life’s end held by its people is essential to adapting the resources which the CAM possesses to their needs. The questionnaire was selected as the method for our research, because it is an inexpensive way to collect data. Opinions can be taken quickly and easily. Therefore, it is an appropriate method to ascertain the attitudes, knowledge and opinions about the main four topics involving the final stage of life which are examined in this research: Palliative Care (PC), medically assisted death, Advanced Directives (AD) and spiritual accompaniment. In Madrid, Palliative Care arose in the early nineties, and since the year of 2005 there has been a Regional Plan for Palliative Care. The CAM’s current Strategic Plan for Palliative Care (2010-2014) has the following objectives: developing organization; promoting patients’ participation and improving their surrounding environment; improving accessibility and efficiency; promoting training, research, development and innovation. Its activities performed through Palliative Care Units have become an acquired right and a public service included within the National Health Care System encompassed within all areas of health care: Primary Care, Hospital Care and Health-related Social Services. Medically assisted death has been very controversial since the decriminalization of assisted suicide in Oregon in the year of 1997 and that of euthanasia in Holland in 2002. Today, both are punished in Spain under Articles 138 and 143 of the Criminal Code (in the section dedicated to homicide and its various forms). In Spain, it was not until May 16, 2013 that Act 41/2002, of November 14, 2002, the Basic Act for Patient Autonomy and the Clinical Information and Documentation Rights and Obligations (LAP), took effect. For the first time ever, this regulation provided for PI documents in our country (Article 11). This PI document considers the ethical principle of autonomy to be the main principle, though others also support it, such as: charity, loyalty and respect for people. The Madrid Assembly regulates exercising the right to complete the Advanced Directives document, or AD, in the field of health care and created the proper AD register by way of Act 3/2005, of May 23, 2005...
The Autonomous Region of Madrid (CAM) is amongst those populations with the highest life expectancy and lowest birth rate, with approximately 16% of its population above the age of 64 years. This means that it is an ageing, ill population which will be needing a great deal of social health care resources. The opinion on life’s end held by its people is essential to adapting the resources which the CAM possesses to their needs. The questionnaire was selected as the method for our research, because it is an inexpensive way to collect data. Opinions can be taken quickly and easily. Therefore, it is an appropriate method to ascertain the attitudes, knowledge and opinions about the main four topics involving the final stage of life which are examined in this research: Palliative Care (PC), medically assisted death, Advanced Directives (AD) and spiritual accompaniment. In Madrid, Palliative Care arose in the early nineties, and since the year of 2005 there has been a Regional Plan for Palliative Care. The CAM’s current Strategic Plan for Palliative Care (2010-2014) has the following objectives: developing organization; promoting patients’ participation and improving their surrounding environment; improving accessibility and efficiency; promoting training, research, development and innovation. Its activities performed through Palliative Care Units have become an acquired right and a public service included within the National Health Care System encompassed within all areas of health care: Primary Care, Hospital Care and Health-related Social Services. Medically assisted death has been very controversial since the decriminalization of assisted suicide in Oregon in the year of 1997 and that of euthanasia in Holland in 2002. Today, both are punished in Spain under Articles 138 and 143 of the Criminal Code (in the section dedicated to homicide and its various forms). In Spain, it was not until May 16, 2013 that Act 41/2002, of November 14, 2002, the Basic Act for Patient Autonomy and the Clinical Information and Documentation Rights and Obligations (LAP), took effect. For the first time ever, this regulation provided for PI documents in our country (Article 11). This PI document considers the ethical principle of autonomy to be the main principle, though others also support it, such as: charity, loyalty and respect for people. The Madrid Assembly regulates exercising the right to complete the Advanced Directives document, or AD, in the field of health care and created the proper AD register by way of Act 3/2005, of May 23, 2005...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Toxicología y Legislación Sanitaria, leída el 18-01-2016