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Laqbaqbi, Mourad and Sanmartino Rodríguez, Julio Antonio and Khayet Souhaimi, Mohamed and García Payo, María del Carmen and Chaouch, Mehdi (2017) Fouling in Membrane Distillation, Osmotic Distillation and Osmotic Membrane Distillation. Applied sciences, 7 (4). ISSN 2076-3417
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7040334
Abstract
Various membrane separation processes are being used for seawater desalination and treatment of wastewaters in order to deal with the worldwide water shortage problem. Different types of membranes of distinct morphologies, structures and physico-chemical characteristics are employed. Among the considered membrane technologies, membrane distillation (MD), osmotic distillation (OD) and osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) use porous and hydrophobic membranes for production of distilled water and/or concentration of wastewaters for recovery and recycling of valuable compounds. However, the efficiency of these technologies is hampered by fouling phenomena. This refers to the accumulation of organic/inorganic deposits including biological matter on the membrane surface and/or in the membrane pores. Fouling in MD, OD and OMD differs from that observed in electric and pressure-driven membrane processes such electrodialysis (ED), membrane capacitive deionization (MCD), reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), etc. Other than pore blockage, fouling in MD, OD and OMD increases the risk of membrane pores wetting and reduces therefore the quantity and quality of the produced water or the concentration efficiency of the process. This review deals with the observed fouling phenomena in MD, OD and OMD. It highlights different detected fouling types (organic fouling, inorganic fouling and biofouling), fouling characterization techniques as well as various methods of fouling reduction including pretreatment, membrane modification, membrane cleaning and antiscalants application.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons. |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Waste-water treatment; Transmission electron-microscopy; Laser-scanning microscopy; Natural organic-matter; Time-domain reflectometry; Humic-acid solutions; Ptfe membranes; Seawater desalination; Infrared thermography; Brine concentration |
Subjects: | Sciences > Physics > Thermodynamics |
ID Code: | 44710 |
Deposited On: | 22 Nov 2017 12:17 |
Last Modified: | 22 Nov 2017 12:17 |
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