Publication: Respuesta ácido-base a esfuerzos máximos en futbolistas profesionales
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2017-09-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La conservación del pH del organismo en un margen estrecho es, para los seres vivos, de una importancia trascendental. Se puede generalizar que en las reacciones químicas del metabolismo participan y se producen una gran cantidad de ácidos y, a pesar de ello, la concentración de iones hidrógeno libres en los diferentes compartimentos corporales permanece estable dentro de unos límites concretos. Esto se debe, en primer lugar, a la acción amortiguadora de los tampones fisiológicos o sistemas “buffer” que actúan inmediatamente en el medio interno neutralizando grandes modificaciones en la concentración de protones. En un segundo orden, se encuentra la acción reguladora de pulmón y riñón con mecanismos que son, en definitiva, los últimos encargados del mantenimiento del pH. Debido a esta capacidad de amortiguación, en el ejercicio físico, a lo largo de un amplio rango de intensidades de trabajo, el pH del medio interno se preserva muy cercano a las cifras basales en condiciones de reposo. A partir de una determinada intensidad, el pH desciende en relación inversa a la carga de trabajo entrando en rango de acidosis. Al final, con las altas intensidades deportivas y esfuerzos máximos, el pH llega a sus valores más ácidos, pudiéndose relacionar con la consecuente situación de fatiga en esas circunstancias. La disminución del pH sanguíneo fuera de los valores habituales durante un ejercicio es el efecto principal de la participación dominante del metabolismo anaeróbico, y se relaciona, entre otros, al aumento de las concentraciones de lactato en sangre observado con intensidades de esfuerzo creciente. Por otro lado, la presión parcial de dióxido de carbono desciende en el intento de atenuar la caída del pH. Esto se debe a la acción compensadora respiratoria que busca eliminar, con la hiperventilación, el CO2 generado en los mecanismos de tamponamiento plasmático con el consumo de bicarbonato, que también desciende en este proceso...
The conservation of the pH in a narrow range for living beings is of transcendental importance. It can be generalized that acid is produced in big quantities and participates in many chemical reactions of the metabolism despite the fact that the free hydrogen ion concentration in different body compartments remains stable within specific limits. First of all this is due to the buffering action of the physiological buffers or the so called "buffer systems" that act immediately in the internal environment by neutralizing large changes in proton concentration. Second, it is the regulatory action of the lungs and kidneys by mechanisms that are, ultimately, pH regulators. Because of this buffering capacity during exercise, along with a wide range of intensities of physical work, the pH of the internal environment is preserved very close to the baseline values during resting. From a determined intensity of physical work, the pH drops in an inverse proportion to the workload entering in acidosis range. At the end, with high peak intensity and maximal stress, the pH reaches its acid values, which could be related to fatigue in these circumstances. Decreased blood pH outside the normal values during exercise is the main effect of the dominant metabolic anaerobic participation, and it is related somehow to the increase of lactate concentration in blood observed during increasing work intensities. Furthermore, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide falls in the attempt of mitigating the pH drop. This is due to the compensatory action of breathing through hyperventilation that seeks the elimination of CO2 generated during plasmatic buffering mechanism with the consumption of bicarbonate that also drops during this process. During Incremental intensity exercise, there is a time when the increase of plasmatic lactic acid concentration leads to an increase of the concentration of hydrogen ions and a consequent decrease of bicarbonate concentration by the referred mechanisms...
The conservation of the pH in a narrow range for living beings is of transcendental importance. It can be generalized that acid is produced in big quantities and participates in many chemical reactions of the metabolism despite the fact that the free hydrogen ion concentration in different body compartments remains stable within specific limits. First of all this is due to the buffering action of the physiological buffers or the so called "buffer systems" that act immediately in the internal environment by neutralizing large changes in proton concentration. Second, it is the regulatory action of the lungs and kidneys by mechanisms that are, ultimately, pH regulators. Because of this buffering capacity during exercise, along with a wide range of intensities of physical work, the pH of the internal environment is preserved very close to the baseline values during resting. From a determined intensity of physical work, the pH drops in an inverse proportion to the workload entering in acidosis range. At the end, with high peak intensity and maximal stress, the pH reaches its acid values, which could be related to fatigue in these circumstances. Decreased blood pH outside the normal values during exercise is the main effect of the dominant metabolic anaerobic participation, and it is related somehow to the increase of lactate concentration in blood observed during increasing work intensities. Furthermore, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide falls in the attempt of mitigating the pH drop. This is due to the compensatory action of breathing through hyperventilation that seeks the elimination of CO2 generated during plasmatic buffering mechanism with the consumption of bicarbonate that also drops during this process. During Incremental intensity exercise, there is a time when the increase of plasmatic lactic acid concentration leads to an increase of the concentration of hydrogen ions and a consequent decrease of bicarbonate concentration by the referred mechanisms...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación. Hidrología Médica, leída el 28/01/2016