Publication: Obreras y católicas. De la formación a la movilización. Roles de género y compromiso temporal de la Hermandad Obrera de Acción Católica Femenina (HOACF) en España (1946-1970)
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2017-11-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El presente trabajo aborda la trayectoria de la Hermandad Obrera de Acción Católica Femenina –HOACF– durante buena parte de la dictadura franquista, desde su nacimiento en 1946 hasta el año 1970, camino que la organización realizó bajo la supeditación y mandato de la Acción Católica Española. La historia de las obreras católicas ha sido escasamente analizada desde la historiografía académica. Por ello, esta investigación estudia la situación de las católicas en el contexto de la dictadura franquista y su compleja evolución desde una primera etapa menos autónoma vinculada a la piedad asistencialista de la AC hasta el periodo de distensión y compromiso temporal que desarrollaron los diferentes grupos de especialización obrera y que culminaría en el proceso conocido como la crisis de la Acción Católica. La Tesis Doctoral analiza los entresijos del proceso de evolución individual que experimentaron las mujeres que asimilaron el ideal de dignidad obrera cristiano, tomando conciencia de su situación de desigualdad –en razón de su sexo y clase–, gracias a los cursos y formación organizados desde los equipos de la HOACF. De esta forma, y tras superar numerosas dificultades en los métodos formativos, las obreras comenzarían a participar al lado de sus homólogos varones hoacistas en las luchas sindicales y sociales del franquismo como consecuencia de este proceso evolutivo que culminaría en la movilización de las obreras hacia el compromiso temporal en los barrios y la empresa. Para comprender dicho proceso resulta muy útil atender a las contradicciones de clase presentes en el seno de la Acción Católica, pero también a los roles de género que condicionaron fuertemente las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres dentro de la especialización obrera. Por esta razón, la metodología empleada en el desarrollo de esta Tesis Doctoral se inserta dentro del marco del estudio de las relaciones de género y de la historia de las mujeres, pero necesitando de la articulación de los binomios género y clase, y género y religión, respectivamente, para explicar de una manera detallada la trayectoria de las militantes obreras...
The present project addresses the history of the Hermandad Obrera de Acción Católica Femenina –HOACF– from its beginning in 1946 until the last years of the Franco Dictatorship in 1970, a path that women workers went along under the orders of Acción Católica. The history of Catholic women workers has not been studied in detail from the academic point of view. For this reason, this project turns out to be very useful in order to better understand the situation of these Catholic women within the context of the Franco dictatorship, understanding also their personal evolution. This research emphasizes the difficulties that the female group suffered throughout its development until the union with the male group of the HOAC in the sixties, after the secular apostolate crisis. In addition, the present project sheds light on the individual evolution of many women who became aware of their inequality thanks to the courses organized by the HOAC and its educational training. In this way, these women started to participate like their male counterparts in the trade union and social struggles during the Franco dictatorship. In order to understand this process, it is very useful to analyze the class contradictions within Acción Católica, and also the gender roles that strongly determined the relations between men and women inside the Catholic worker groups. For this reason, the methodology used in this doctoral thesis uses the framework of gender relations and women’s history, but it needs the binomial articulation of gender-class and gender-religion in order to explain in detail the trajectory of female worker’s memberships. The principal thesis of this research is that, despite its little presence in the historiography of this period, the HOACF members participated shoulder to shoulder with their HOAC partners in the worker’s struggles, especially since the sixties, and afterwards they did it in the neighbourhood movement. For this reason, in the following chapters there is an attempt to confirm this thesis, paying atention to the identities and sex roles. Additionally it is analyzed if this participation was carried out in the same conditions as Catholic worker men, or, if on the contrary, the gender roles imposed limits during this period, especially on women, this process and the HOACF expansion, as an alternative in Catholic social doctrine in the labour world...
The present project addresses the history of the Hermandad Obrera de Acción Católica Femenina –HOACF– from its beginning in 1946 until the last years of the Franco Dictatorship in 1970, a path that women workers went along under the orders of Acción Católica. The history of Catholic women workers has not been studied in detail from the academic point of view. For this reason, this project turns out to be very useful in order to better understand the situation of these Catholic women within the context of the Franco dictatorship, understanding also their personal evolution. This research emphasizes the difficulties that the female group suffered throughout its development until the union with the male group of the HOAC in the sixties, after the secular apostolate crisis. In addition, the present project sheds light on the individual evolution of many women who became aware of their inequality thanks to the courses organized by the HOAC and its educational training. In this way, these women started to participate like their male counterparts in the trade union and social struggles during the Franco dictatorship. In order to understand this process, it is very useful to analyze the class contradictions within Acción Católica, and also the gender roles that strongly determined the relations between men and women inside the Catholic worker groups. For this reason, the methodology used in this doctoral thesis uses the framework of gender relations and women’s history, but it needs the binomial articulation of gender-class and gender-religion in order to explain in detail the trajectory of female worker’s memberships. The principal thesis of this research is that, despite its little presence in the historiography of this period, the HOACF members participated shoulder to shoulder with their HOAC partners in the worker’s struggles, especially since the sixties, and afterwards they did it in the neighbourhood movement. For this reason, in the following chapters there is an attempt to confirm this thesis, paying atention to the identities and sex roles. Additionally it is analyzed if this participation was carried out in the same conditions as Catholic worker men, or, if on the contrary, the gender roles imposed limits during this period, especially on women, this process and the HOACF expansion, as an alternative in Catholic social doctrine in the labour world...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia Contemporánea, leída el 29-06-2017