Publication: Polímeros naturales ensamblados capa a capa (layer-by-layer) para aplicaciones biomédicas
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2017-11-28
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El objetivo de esta tesis es el desarrollo de sistemas poliméricos multicapa basados en polímeros naturales mediante la técnica capa a capa (layer-by-layer, LbL) para aplicaciones en terapias de hipertermia magnética local y administración controlada de fármacos. Los capítulos uno y dos reúnen una introducción general y objetivos junto con el estado del arte que muestra una revisión bibliográfica sobre los principales temas desarrollados durante la tesis doctoral. Del estado del arte se puede concluir que: el ensamblado LbL de polímeros naturales suscita un gran interés hoy en día debido a las potenciales aplicaciones de estos sistemas, sobre todo en el área de biomedicina. Además, la mayoría de los materiales obtenidos a partir del ensamblado de polímeros naturales se han obtenido mediante técnicas de inmersión LbL. La deposición LbL asistida por spray es una técnica rápida y sencilla para fabricar materiales nanoestructurados y ha sido menos explorada dejando un campo abierto para la investigación en esta tesis. El tercer capítulo de la tesis se centra en la descripción de los materiales de partida utilizados así como en las técnicas de caracterización más relevantes empleadas en esta tesis. El estudio del ensamblado LbL de dos sistemas poliméricos, alginato/quitosano (Alg/Chi) y ácido hialurónico/poli(hidrocloruro de alilamina) (HA/PAH) se describe en el capítulo cuatro. Del análisis del espesor de los filmes en función del número de capas depositadas se pudo concluir que el espesor de los filmes (Alg/Chi) crecía de forma lineal mientras que el crecimiento de los filmes HA/PAH era exponencial. Además, el crecimiento de los filmes Alg/Chi fabricados mediante spray LbL era mucho mayor que el correspondiente a los filmes fabricados mediante inmersión LbL. Se ha desarrollado además un sistema nanoestratificado derivado de los filmes HA/PAH mediante la incorporación de una capa de gel formada por alginato entrecruzado con iones hierro II con potenciales aplicaciones como sistema fotosensible de liberación de fármacos que se desarrollará en el futuro...
The objective of the present PhD work is the development of multilayer polymer systems based on natural polymers through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for applications in magnetic hyperthermia therapies and controlled drug delivery. The first part of this thesis provides a general introduction and objectives together with a state-of-the-art which collects a literature review about the main topics related to this thesis (Chapters 1 and 2). From this state-of-the-art, it is possible to conclude that: LbL assembly of natural polymers constitutes an area of intensive research nowadays, due to the potential applications of these materials mainly on the biomedical field. In addition, most of the studies regarding LbL of natural polymers deal with dipping LbL. Spray assisted LbL is a simple and saving-time technique to fabricate nanostructured materials and it has been much less explored leaving a broad field open to research in this thesis. The third chapter is focused on the description of materials and the most relevant characterization techniques used in this thesis. The study of the LbL assembly of two different systems based on natural polymers, alginate/chitosan (Alg/Chi) and hyaluronic acid/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (HA/PAH) is described in the fourth chapter. From the determination of the thickness of (Alg/Chi) films as a function of the number of deposited layers, a linear growth was observed up to 5 bilayers whereas (HA/PAH) films presented an exponential growth. The growth of Alg/Chi films built up through spray LbL was much higher than that obtained when films were constructed by dipping LbL. A nanostratified system was obtained from the HA/PAH multilayer structure by incorporation of a gel-like layer formed by alginate crosslinked with iron II ions to be employed as a light-responsive drug delivery system in the future...
The objective of the present PhD work is the development of multilayer polymer systems based on natural polymers through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for applications in magnetic hyperthermia therapies and controlled drug delivery. The first part of this thesis provides a general introduction and objectives together with a state-of-the-art which collects a literature review about the main topics related to this thesis (Chapters 1 and 2). From this state-of-the-art, it is possible to conclude that: LbL assembly of natural polymers constitutes an area of intensive research nowadays, due to the potential applications of these materials mainly on the biomedical field. In addition, most of the studies regarding LbL of natural polymers deal with dipping LbL. Spray assisted LbL is a simple and saving-time technique to fabricate nanostructured materials and it has been much less explored leaving a broad field open to research in this thesis. The third chapter is focused on the description of materials and the most relevant characterization techniques used in this thesis. The study of the LbL assembly of two different systems based on natural polymers, alginate/chitosan (Alg/Chi) and hyaluronic acid/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (HA/PAH) is described in the fourth chapter. From the determination of the thickness of (Alg/Chi) films as a function of the number of deposited layers, a linear growth was observed up to 5 bilayers whereas (HA/PAH) films presented an exponential growth. The growth of Alg/Chi films built up through spray LbL was much higher than that obtained when films were constructed by dipping LbL. A nanostratified system was obtained from the HA/PAH multilayer structure by incorporation of a gel-like layer formed by alginate crosslinked with iron II ions to be employed as a light-responsive drug delivery system in the future...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química-Física, leída el 08-06-2017