Publication: Nuevos avances en nanoestructuras poliméricas polimerización in-situ e infiltración de polímeros en plantillas AAO
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2017-11-29
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las plantillas porosas de alúmina (AAO) son sistemas ordenados, formados por una matriz de poros cilíndricos uniformemente dimensionados. Estas plantillas han sido ampliamente empleadas en nuestro grupo para la obtención de nanoestructuras poliméricas como nanorods, nanofibras y nanotubos mediante el proceso infiltración de polímeros (nanomoldeo). Asimismo, numerosos trabajos han demostrado que las propiedades del polímero en confinamiento dentro de los nanoporos cambian con respecto a las propiedades del mismo polímero en masa. Sin embargo, cuando se trata de infiltrar polímeros termoestables o el proceso de infiltración debe llevarse a cabo a alta temperatura y/o durante un tiempo relativamente largo, de horas a días, el polímero se puede degradar y es conveniente buscar otro método. Esta tesis doctoral plantea la polimerización in situ de un monómero dentro de los poros de la plantilla AAO (nanoreactor) como método alternativo para producir nanoestructuras poliméricas. Una vez polimerizado el polímero puede extraerse para el estudio de sus propiedades y para su uso en distintas aplicaciones. Esta tesis está basada en el empleo de plantillas AAO y comprende dos aspectos importantes, su empleo como nanoreactores y nanomoldes. Los objetivos de esta tesis son: el estudio de las reacciones de polimerización de diferentes monómeros en las nanocavidades y la preparación de nuevas nanoestructuras poliméricas nunca reportadas en la literatura, mediante la infiltración de polímeros en AAO. El primer objetivo además plantea la modelización de la polimerización en confinamiento estudiando las diferencias respecto al bulk. Para alcanzar estos objetivos se prepararon plantillas de alúmina mediante el proceso de doble anodización. El empleo de distintas condiciones de anodización (temperatura, naturaleza y concentración del electrolito, voltaje y tiempo) permitió la elaboración de plantillas de distintos tamaños de diámetro y longitud de poro, entre 15-400 nanómetros y 0.7-100 micras, respectivamente...
Anodic aluminium oxide templates (AAO) are ordered systems, formed by a matrix of uniformly sized cylindrical pores. These templates have been widely used in our group to obtain polymer nanostructures such as nanorods, nanofibers and nanotubes through the process of polymer infiltration (nanomolding). Also, numerous studies have shown that the properties of the polymer in confinement inside the nanopores change acoording to the properties of the same polymer in bulk. However, when we need to infiltrate thermosetting polymers or the infiltration process must be carried out at high temperature and / or for a relatively long time, from hours to days, the polymer may be degraded and it is required to use other method. This doctoral thesis proposes the in situ polymerization of a monomer within the pores of the AAO template (nanoreactor) as an alternative method to produce polymer nanostructures. Once it polymerized, the polymer can be extracted for the study of its properties and can be the use in different applications. This thesis is based on the use of AAO templates and comprises two important aspects, their use as nanoreactors and nanomolds. The objectives of this thesis are: the study of the reactions of polymerization of different monomers in the nanocavities and the preparation of new polymer nanostructures never reported in the literature, by the polymer infiltration process in AAO. The first objective also proposes the modelling of the polymerization in confinement by studying the differences with respect to the bulk. To achieve these objectives, alumina templates were prepared by the double anodization process. The use of different anodizing conditions (temperature, nature and concentration of electrolyte, voltage and time) allowed the development of templates of different sizes of pore diameter and pore length, between 15-400 nanometers and 0.7-100 microns, respectively...
Anodic aluminium oxide templates (AAO) are ordered systems, formed by a matrix of uniformly sized cylindrical pores. These templates have been widely used in our group to obtain polymer nanostructures such as nanorods, nanofibers and nanotubes through the process of polymer infiltration (nanomolding). Also, numerous studies have shown that the properties of the polymer in confinement inside the nanopores change acoording to the properties of the same polymer in bulk. However, when we need to infiltrate thermosetting polymers or the infiltration process must be carried out at high temperature and / or for a relatively long time, from hours to days, the polymer may be degraded and it is required to use other method. This doctoral thesis proposes the in situ polymerization of a monomer within the pores of the AAO template (nanoreactor) as an alternative method to produce polymer nanostructures. Once it polymerized, the polymer can be extracted for the study of its properties and can be the use in different applications. This thesis is based on the use of AAO templates and comprises two important aspects, their use as nanoreactors and nanomolds. The objectives of this thesis are: the study of the reactions of polymerization of different monomers in the nanocavities and the preparation of new polymer nanostructures never reported in the literature, by the polymer infiltration process in AAO. The first objective also proposes the modelling of the polymerization in confinement by studying the differences with respect to the bulk. To achieve these objectives, alumina templates were prepared by the double anodization process. The use of different anodizing conditions (temperature, nature and concentration of electrolyte, voltage and time) allowed the development of templates of different sizes of pore diameter and pore length, between 15-400 nanometers and 0.7-100 microns, respectively...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química-Física, leída el 19-04-2017