Publication: Interacción de los tejidos duros y blandos en implantes inmediatos y diferidos conun diseño experimental en un modelo de perro "beagle". Análisis de los cambios de volumen de los tejidos duros y blandos.
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2016
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Abstract
Objetivo: Estudiar, por medio de micro--‐CT y análisis de imágenes STL, los cambios en los tejidos duros y blandos utilizando implantes con una forma triangular (test) y una forma cilíndrica (control) en implantes diferidos e inmediatos.
Material y Métodos: Se insertaron implantes de titanio test y control en la mandíbula de 8 perros beagle. Cada hemimandíbula recibió dos implantes colocados en crestas cicatrizadas y dos implantes inmediatos. Los implantes test y control se asignaron aleatoriamente a los alveolos post--‐ extracción y crestas cicatrizadas. Se tomaron impresiones de silicona previo a la colocación de los implantes y antes del sacrificio, que tuvo lugar cuatro semanas (T4) o doce semanas (T12) después de la colocación de los implantes. Los modelos dentales de escayola fueron escaneados ópticamente y analizados a través de un software de análisis de imagen para calcular los cambios en los contornos de los tejidos blandos. Las biopsias de tejido se procesaron para el análisis mediante micro‐CT. El contacto hueso--‐implante (BIC) y la relación del volumen del hueso al volumen total de la muestra (BV/TV) se calcularon en un volumen cilíndrico de interés (VOI). A continuación, un VOI especifico en bucal del implante fue seleccionado en todas las muestras para calcular el volumen de hueso , aire e implante y, por último , se seleccionó un tercer dentro del ultimo VOI que solo incluía el hueso bucal y el implante del VOI anterior y se realizó el mismo análisis.
Resultados: Al analizar el BIC y BV/TV presentaron valores similares para test y control. Se encontró menor volumen de implante a nivel de los implantes test en todos los sitios sin embargo, 3 no se encontraron diferencias entre los implantes test y control en cuanto al volumen óseo en el VOI bucal. El análisis del VOI bucal óseo dio un porcentaje similar de aire en todas las muestras , lo que indica una composición ósea similar para todos los sitios . El análisis de los contornos de tejido blando no revelo diferencias entre los implantes test y control.
Conclusiones: El presente estudio no mostro diferencias entre los implantes de forma triangular y los implantes cónicos con respecto al porcentaje de integración, al volumen del hueso bucal y a los contornos del tejido blando.
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