Publication: Las castas de la India: posición social del brahmin según los Dharma-śāstras
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2017-12-20
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Abstract
En este Trabajo de Fin de Máster se desarrolla un estudio sobre la figura determinante dentro del sistema de castas de la India: la del sacerdote, el brahmin. Se pretende analizar la posición real en la vida cotidiana del brahmin en esta estructura social india. Como introducción se ofrece una aclaración de las divisiones del propio sistema social de varṇas y jātis, así como de algunos conceptos básicos para comprender el sistema social, como los de dharma, pureza y contaminación, papel del ritual etc. Se pretende recuperar el estudio de la figura del brahmin a través de las fuentes antiguas con el objetivo de comprender mejor la sociedad actual india. Para ello hemos hecho una revisión de los preceptos referentes al brahmin contenidos en el código legal más antiguo y de mayor autoridad: el MānavaDharmaśāstra, y puntualmente se acude a las aclaraciones incluidas en los otros dos grandes Dharma-śāstras. A través de estos preceptos hemos conseguido delinear la posición preeminente del brahmin y su justificación cosmogónica y cosmológica, el papel social que le corresponde, las exigencias de pureza y cumplimiento de las normas que se le exige. Se estudian además las posibles fluctuaciones en la posición social, así como su relación con los demás grupos sociales.
This study analyses the determining figure within the caste system of India: the brahmin. It is intended to dissect the real position in the daily life of the brahmin in this Indian social structure. As an introduction we offer a clarification of the social system divisions of varṇas and jātis, as well as some basic concepts to understand the social system, such as dharma, purity and pollution, role of ritual, etc. The purpose is to recover the study of the brahmin figure through ancient sources with the aim of understand better the Indian society today. Because of that, we have made a revision of the precepts concerning the brahmin in the oldest and most authoritative legal code: the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra. Occasionally we turn to the clarifications included in the other two great codes Dharma-śāstras. Through these precepts we have succeeded in demonstrating the pre-eminent position of the brahmin and his cosmogonic and cosmological justification, the social role that corresponds to him, the demands of purity and compliance with the norms demanded of him. We also study possible fluctuations in social position, as well as their relationship with other social groups.
This study analyses the determining figure within the caste system of India: the brahmin. It is intended to dissect the real position in the daily life of the brahmin in this Indian social structure. As an introduction we offer a clarification of the social system divisions of varṇas and jātis, as well as some basic concepts to understand the social system, such as dharma, purity and pollution, role of ritual, etc. The purpose is to recover the study of the brahmin figure through ancient sources with the aim of understand better the Indian society today. Because of that, we have made a revision of the precepts concerning the brahmin in the oldest and most authoritative legal code: the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra. Occasionally we turn to the clarifications included in the other two great codes Dharma-śāstras. Through these precepts we have succeeded in demonstrating the pre-eminent position of the brahmin and his cosmogonic and cosmological justification, the social role that corresponds to him, the demands of purity and compliance with the norms demanded of him. We also study possible fluctuations in social position, as well as their relationship with other social groups.
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