Publication: Efecto de la dieta materna restringida e hipercalórica en el estado metabólico y conductual de la descendencia: implicaciones en el sistema endocannabinoide
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2018-01-10
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La exposición a condiciones nutricionales adversas en periodos críticos del desarrollo, puede favorecer el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas o conductuales en etapas posteriores de la vida a través de un proceso denominado programación nutricional. Investigar los mecanismos biológicos que están envueltos en este fenómeno resulta una estrategia útil para entender la complejidad del fenómeno. El sistema endocannabinoide (SEC), implicado en el neurodesarrollo y en la regulación del metabolismo energético y de las respuestas emocionales, podría estar también involucrado en este proceso. Por tanto, en la presente investigación se planteó como objetivo estudiar los efectos de la dieta materna restringida e hipercalórica en: los resultados perinatales, los parámetros metabólicos y conductuales de la descendencia de ambos sexos, así como su impacto en el SEC de los descendientes en diferentes momentos del ciclo vital. Específicamente, 35 ratas Wistar hembra fueron asignadas a dieta control (C ), expuestas a dieta estándar durante el periodo perinatal (pregestación, gestación y lactancia); dieta restringida (R1), con una restricción calórica del 20% durante el periodo preconcepcional y hasta el día 20 de la gestación; y/o dieta hipercalórica/altamente palatable (P), expuestas a una libre elección entre una dieta estándar y una dieta rica en grasas saturadas hecha a base de chocolates comerciales durante todo el periodo perinatal. Adicionalmente, 11 ratas hembras Wistar fueron expuestas durante la gestación completa a dieta estándar o a restricción calórica del 20% (R2). Se monitorizó la ganancia ponderal e ingesta calórica de las madres durante el periodo de estudio...
The exposure to adverse nutritional conditions in critical periods of development can increase the vulnerability to develop metabolic and behavioral alterations later in life, through a process known as nutritional programming. Investigating the underlying mechanism involved in this phenomenon has been considered a useful strategy to understand its complexity. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays an important role on neurodevelopment and on the regulation of energy balance and emotional responses, might be involved in the programming process. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of a restricted or hypercaloric maternal diet on the perinatal outcomes, metabolic and behavioral parameters of the offspring of both sexes, as well as their impact on the ECS at different stages of development. Accordingly, 35 female Wistar rats were assigned to a control diet (C), where rats were exposed to standard chow during the preconceptional, gestational and lactation periods; preconceptional and gestational restricted diet (R1), where rats were exposed to a 20% calorie-restricted diet during the preconceptional period up until gestational day 20; or a hypercaloric/highly palatable diet, in which rats were given a free choice between standard chow and a high fat containing commercial chocolate mixture diet during pregestation, gestation and lactation. An additional experiment was carried out in 11 female Wistar rats exposed during the entire pregnancy either to standard chow or a 20% calorie-restricted diet (R2). Weight gain and caloric intake of dams were monitored during the studied period...
The exposure to adverse nutritional conditions in critical periods of development can increase the vulnerability to develop metabolic and behavioral alterations later in life, through a process known as nutritional programming. Investigating the underlying mechanism involved in this phenomenon has been considered a useful strategy to understand its complexity. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays an important role on neurodevelopment and on the regulation of energy balance and emotional responses, might be involved in the programming process. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of a restricted or hypercaloric maternal diet on the perinatal outcomes, metabolic and behavioral parameters of the offspring of both sexes, as well as their impact on the ECS at different stages of development. Accordingly, 35 female Wistar rats were assigned to a control diet (C), where rats were exposed to standard chow during the preconceptional, gestational and lactation periods; preconceptional and gestational restricted diet (R1), where rats were exposed to a 20% calorie-restricted diet during the preconceptional period up until gestational day 20; or a hypercaloric/highly palatable diet, in which rats were given a free choice between standard chow and a high fat containing commercial chocolate mixture diet during pregestation, gestation and lactation. An additional experiment was carried out in 11 female Wistar rats exposed during the entire pregnancy either to standard chow or a 20% calorie-restricted diet (R2). Weight gain and caloric intake of dams were monitored during the studied period...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicobiología, leída el 11-09-2017