Publication: Mucho más que la Mesta: rebaños, pastos y economía rural en Extremadura en el siglo XVIII
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2018-01-23
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Tradicionalmente, la Historia Rural se ha ocupado de forma marginal del análisis de la ganadería, especialmente del sector ganadero estante. En el caso de Extremadura, además, la convivencia con la cabaña del Honrado Concejo de la Mesta, eclipsó la verdadera importancia económica de la ganadería estante. El presente estudio, titulado “Mucho más que la Mesta”. Rebaños, pastos y economía rural en Extremadura en el siglo XVIII, aborda desde la perspectiva socioeconómica el análisis de la ganadería estante en Extremadura. Para ello se ha escogido el periodo comprendido entre 1700 y 1800 y una muestra de 15 localidades extremeñas, que representan el 20% del territorio, que aportan datos de los principales núcleos de población, representativos de diferentes comarcas. La bibliografía tradicional ha ofrecido una perspectiva sesgada del sector ganadero en la España de los siglos XVII y XVIII, ya que principalmente se ha analizado a la trashumancia en las obras existentes. Puede hablarse de grandes estudios sobre la Mesta (Ruíz Martín, García Sanz, Anes, García Marín, Marín Barriguete y Llopis) y pocas referencias a la totalidad del sector (Caxa de Leruela o Marcos Martín). Existe una serie de obras agronómicas y veterinarias que tratan la ganadería estante desde una óptica especializada, pero sin situarla dentro de la economía castellana. Pudiera parecer que en cuanto a la ganadería castellana “Todo es Mesta”. Nada más lejos de la realidad. A pesar de que ha primado la importancia económica y la visibilidad documental de esta institución sobre otros aspectos, lo cierto es que su peso real en el sector en volumen de cabezas era del 10,6% del total de la cabaña castellana frente al 89,4% restante que representaba la ganadería estante en toda Castilla. En los últimos años han aparecido algunos trabajos que comienzan a dar una mayor importancia a la ganadería estante (Argente, Pascua Echegaray, Vicente Legazpi, Pelegrí Pedrosa, Clemente Ramos o Pérez Romero), pero todavía no se había producido un acercamiento a la ganadería estante extremeña tan completo como el que planteo en este trabajo...
Traditionally, Rural History has dealt with marginally the analysis of livestock, especially the settled cattle sector. In the case of Extremadura, in addition, the coexistence with the herd of the Honored Council of the Mesta, eclipsed the true economic importance of the cattle ranch. The present study, titled "Much more than the Mesta. Herds”, pastures and rural economy in Extremadura in the eighteenth century, approaches from the socioeconomic perspective the analysis of settled livestock shelf in Extremadura. For this purpose, the period between 1700 and 1800 was chosen, and a sample of 15 localities from Extremadura, representing 20% of the territory, which provide data of the main population centers, representative of different regions. The traditional literature has offered a biased perspective of the livestock sector in the Spain of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as it has mainly been analyzed to transhumance in existing works. We can speak of great studies on the Mesta (Ruiz Martín, García Sanz, Anes, García Marín, Marín Barriguete and Llopis) and few references to the whole sector (Caxa de Leruela or Marcos Martín). There is a series of agronomic and veterinary works that deal with the settled livestock from a specialized perspective, but without placing it within the Castilian economy. It might seem that as far as the Castilian cattle is concerned "everything is Mesta". Nothing is further from reality. Although the economic importance and the documentary visibility of this institution over other aspects has prevailed, the truth is that its real weight in the sector in volume of heads was of the 10,6% of the total of the Castilian herd against 89,4% represented the settled livestock in Castilla. In recent years, there have been some works that begin to give greater importance to the settled cattle (Argente, Pascua Echegaray, Vicente Legazpi, Pelegrí Pedrosa, Clemente Ramos or Pérez Romero), but there had not yet been an approach to the settle livestock in Extremadura as complete as the one I put forward in this work...
Traditionally, Rural History has dealt with marginally the analysis of livestock, especially the settled cattle sector. In the case of Extremadura, in addition, the coexistence with the herd of the Honored Council of the Mesta, eclipsed the true economic importance of the cattle ranch. The present study, titled "Much more than the Mesta. Herds”, pastures and rural economy in Extremadura in the eighteenth century, approaches from the socioeconomic perspective the analysis of settled livestock shelf in Extremadura. For this purpose, the period between 1700 and 1800 was chosen, and a sample of 15 localities from Extremadura, representing 20% of the territory, which provide data of the main population centers, representative of different regions. The traditional literature has offered a biased perspective of the livestock sector in the Spain of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as it has mainly been analyzed to transhumance in existing works. We can speak of great studies on the Mesta (Ruiz Martín, García Sanz, Anes, García Marín, Marín Barriguete and Llopis) and few references to the whole sector (Caxa de Leruela or Marcos Martín). There is a series of agronomic and veterinary works that deal with the settled livestock from a specialized perspective, but without placing it within the Castilian economy. It might seem that as far as the Castilian cattle is concerned "everything is Mesta". Nothing is further from reality. Although the economic importance and the documentary visibility of this institution over other aspects has prevailed, the truth is that its real weight in the sector in volume of heads was of the 10,6% of the total of the Castilian herd against 89,4% represented the settled livestock in Castilla. In recent years, there have been some works that begin to give greater importance to the settled cattle (Argente, Pascua Echegaray, Vicente Legazpi, Pelegrí Pedrosa, Clemente Ramos or Pérez Romero), but there had not yet been an approach to the settle livestock in Extremadura as complete as the one I put forward in this work...
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esis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Historia e Instituciones Económicas II, leída el 16-06-2017