Publication: Desarrollo capitalista en México (1970-2014): acumulación, cambio estructural y comercio exterior
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2018-01-23
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El México moderno comienza a escribir su historia con la Revolución mexicana de 1910 y la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1917 (Aguilar Camín y Meyer, 1989). La transformación de la superestructura jurídico-política del país tras la revolución vino acompañada por el avance del desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas y las contradicciones ligadas al modo capitalista de producción. En otras palabras, comenzó a vislumbrarse la ley general de la acumulación capitalista enunciada por Karl Marx (1867: 532-571) en México. De esta suerte, la creciente productividad del trabajo y el incremento del volumen de los medios producción con respecto a la fuerza de trabajo derivó en la superpoblación relativa, id est; la oferta de fuerza de trabajo creció a un ritmo superior a las necesidades de explotación, tal y como establece la ley general de la acumulación de Marx. A la creciente pauperización relativa de la clase trabajadora, la concentración del capital y el aumento del grado de explotación de la fuerza de trabajo, se añadió la tensión con las formas no capitalistas de las unidades campesinas, la crisis política, las crisis de la balanza de pagos y el estrecho vínculo con la dinámica fundamental de la economía de los Estados Unidos (Herzog, 1964; Bartra, 1972, 1974, 2012; Villareal, 1976, 1988, 2000; Perzábal, 1985, 1988; Bartra y Otero, 1988; De la Peña, 1994; Moreno-Brid et al., 2004; Horbath, 2005; Castillo, 2006; Gambrill, 2006, 2016; Ruiz-Nápoles, 2007; Moreno-Brid y Ros, 2009) . La investigación, por ende, parte de la premisa de que México es una economía plenamente capitalista y, en cuanto tal, el objetivo general consiste en analizar las dos estrategias de crecimiento presentes durante el lapso que va desde 1970 hasta 2015, con el fin de dilucidar el desenvolvimiento de la economía mexicana en dicho espacio de tiempo...
Modern Mexico starts to write its history with the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and the Political Constitution of the Mexican United States of 1917 (Aguilar Camín and Meyer, 1989). The transformation of the legal and political superstructure after the revolution was accompanied by the development of the productive forces and the contradictions linked to the capitalist mode of production. In other words, the general law of capitalist accumulation enunciated by Karl Marx (1867: 532-571) began to be glimpsed in Mexico. Thus, the increasing productivity of labor and the increase in the volume of the means of production relative to the labor force led to relative overpopulation, i.e, the supply of labor power grew at a rate higher than the needs of exploitation, as established by the general law of accumulation. The growing relative impoverishment of the working class, the concentration of capital and the increase in the level of exploitation, added tension with the non-capitalist forms of peasant, the political crisis, the balance of payments crises and the close relationship with United States. The research, therefore, starts from the premise that Mexico is a fully capitalist economy and, as such, the general objective is to analyze the particularities of its development in accordance with the antagonistic and dialectical character of the capitalist mode of production...
Modern Mexico starts to write its history with the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and the Political Constitution of the Mexican United States of 1917 (Aguilar Camín and Meyer, 1989). The transformation of the legal and political superstructure after the revolution was accompanied by the development of the productive forces and the contradictions linked to the capitalist mode of production. In other words, the general law of capitalist accumulation enunciated by Karl Marx (1867: 532-571) began to be glimpsed in Mexico. Thus, the increasing productivity of labor and the increase in the volume of the means of production relative to the labor force led to relative overpopulation, i.e, the supply of labor power grew at a rate higher than the needs of exploitation, as established by the general law of accumulation. The growing relative impoverishment of the working class, the concentration of capital and the increase in the level of exploitation, added tension with the non-capitalist forms of peasant, the political crisis, the balance of payments crises and the close relationship with United States. The research, therefore, starts from the premise that Mexico is a fully capitalist economy and, as such, the general objective is to analyze the particularities of its development in accordance with the antagonistic and dialectical character of the capitalist mode of production...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 09-10-2017