Publication: El trastorno por déficit de atención y/o hiperactividad: diferenciación neuropsicológica entre los subtipos inatento e hiperactivo
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2018-03-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los tres subtipos del trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), es decir los subtipos inatento, hiperactivo-impulsivo y combinado, presentan diferentes perfiles neuropsicológicos que afectan de manera distinta a los procesos cognitivos. Se revisa la bibliografía en cuanto a este tema, empezando por el recorrido histórico de los términos y el concepto del TDAH. A continuación se describen las alteraciones neuropsicológicas y cognitivas específicamente para cada subtipo y sobre todo para los dos subtipos que nos interesan, el inatento y el hiperactivo-impulsivo, basándose en la literatura de nuevo. El marco teórico también incluye la revisión de los modelos explicativos del TDAH hasta hoy. A partir de la revisión de la literatura se plantea el siguiente objetivo: determinar si existe un perfil neuropsicológico específico y diferencial entre los dos subtipos del TDAH, el predominantemente inatento y el predominantemente hiperactivo-impulsivo, en niños y adolescentes en edad escolar. A partir de este objetivo se formulan las siguientes hipótesis, que si se compara el rendimiento en las pruebas neuropsicológicas de los niños con TDAH, subtipo inatento e hiperactivo-impulsivo, habrá diferencias significativas entre estos dos subtipos con el subtipo predominantemente inatento rindiendo mejor en tareas de inhibición, memoria de trabajo, aprendizaje y memoria y tareas de capacidad lingüística y el subtipo hiperactivo-impulsivo rindiendo mejor en tareas de atención, velocidad de procesamiento y habilidades visoperceptivas...
The three subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ie the inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes, present different neuropsychological profiles that affect cognitive processes in a different way. The literature on this topic is reviewed, beginning with the historical evolution of the terms and the concept of ADHD. The neuropsychological and cognitive alterations are described specifically for each subtype and especially for the two subtypes of our interest, the inattentive and the hyperactive-impulsive, based on the literature again. The theoretical framework also includes the revision of explanatory models of ADHD to date. Based on the review of the literature, the following objective is proposed: to determine if there is a specific and differential neuropsychological profile between the two subtypes of ADHD, predominantly inattentive and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, in children and adolescents of school age. Based on this objective, the following hypotheses are formulated: if the neuropsychological performance of children with ADHD, of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive subtypes, is compared, there will be significant differences between these two subtypes with the predominantly inattentive subtype performing better on tasks of inhibition, working memory, learning and memory and tasks of linguistic ability and the hyperactive-impulsive subtype performing better in attention tasks, processing speed and visoperceptive skills...
The three subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ie the inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes, present different neuropsychological profiles that affect cognitive processes in a different way. The literature on this topic is reviewed, beginning with the historical evolution of the terms and the concept of ADHD. The neuropsychological and cognitive alterations are described specifically for each subtype and especially for the two subtypes of our interest, the inattentive and the hyperactive-impulsive, based on the literature again. The theoretical framework also includes the revision of explanatory models of ADHD to date. Based on the review of the literature, the following objective is proposed: to determine if there is a specific and differential neuropsychological profile between the two subtypes of ADHD, predominantly inattentive and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, in children and adolescents of school age. Based on this objective, the following hypotheses are formulated: if the neuropsychological performance of children with ADHD, of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive subtypes, is compared, there will be significant differences between these two subtypes with the predominantly inattentive subtype performing better on tasks of inhibition, working memory, learning and memory and tasks of linguistic ability and the hyperactive-impulsive subtype performing better in attention tasks, processing speed and visoperceptive skills...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 19-07-2017