Publication: La relación de los "cinco grandes" con el consumo de tabaco
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2018-03-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El tabaquismo sigue siendo la primera causa de enfermedad y muerte prematura evitable en el mundo, responsable de 5.001.001 de muertes anuales. Desgraciadamente, según los modelos propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, esta tendencia es ascendente, prediciéndose un incremento de prácticamente el doble de muertes para el 2030 (OMS, 2008). En España, en torno a 50 001 muertes por año son atribuibles directamente al consumo de tabaco (Banegas et al., 2005). Desde el punto de vista de la personalidad, los procesos cognitivos, afectivos, motivacionales y volitivos contribuyen, junto con los factores situacionales y contextuales, a explicar la conducta de fumar, así como en qué circunstancias se da, cómo se mantiene o cómo se modifica en el transcurso del tiempo (Bermúdez y Pérez, 2000). A pesar de que el modelo de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes (Big Five) es actualmente la taxonomía de rasgos de personalidad más consensuada entre los especialistas, más validada y con mayor número de aplicaciones, la literatura científica sobre el papel en el consumo de tabaco de las dimensiones y rasgos específicos de personalidad que componen dicho modelo es muy escasa y presenta resultados inconsistentes y, algunos, contradictorios. Método Para la presente tesis doctoral se han realizado dos estudios empíricos relacionados en los cuales participó una muestra de 507 guardias civiles, la mayoría jóvenes y varones, de los cuales 77 eran fumadores, 84 exfumadores y 346 no fumadores. El primer estudio respondía a un diseño correlacional y transversal de comparación de grupos, y el segundo respondía a un diseño correlacional y transversal de predicción múltiple...
Smoking tobacco continues being the first illness cause and premature avoidable death in the World, responsible for 5.001.001 of annual deaths. Unfortunately, according to the models proposed by World Health Organization this trend is upward, being predicted an increment of practically double deaths for the 2030 (WHO, 2008). In Spain, around 50.001 deaths per year are attributable directly to the consumption of tobacco (Banegas et al., 2005). From the point of view of personality, cognitive, affective, motivational and volitional processes contribute, along with situational and contextual factors, to explain smoking behavior, as well as under what circumstances this behavior appears, how it is maintained, or how it is modified in the course of time (Bermúdez & Pérez, 2000). Despite the fact that the Big Five personality model is currently the most widely accepted and most widely used personality trait taxonomy among specialists, the scientific literature on the relationship between smoking and the personality dimensions and specific personality traits that make up this model is very scarce and presents inconsistent and, some, contradictory results. Method For the present doctoral thesis, two empirical, related studies have been carried out with a sample of 507 civil guards, most of them young and males, of whom 77 were smokers, 84 ex-smokers and 346 non-smokers. The first study responded to a crosssectional, correlational, cross-group comparison design, and the second one responded to a cross-sectional, correlational, multiple prediction design...
Smoking tobacco continues being the first illness cause and premature avoidable death in the World, responsible for 5.001.001 of annual deaths. Unfortunately, according to the models proposed by World Health Organization this trend is upward, being predicted an increment of practically double deaths for the 2030 (WHO, 2008). In Spain, around 50.001 deaths per year are attributable directly to the consumption of tobacco (Banegas et al., 2005). From the point of view of personality, cognitive, affective, motivational and volitional processes contribute, along with situational and contextual factors, to explain smoking behavior, as well as under what circumstances this behavior appears, how it is maintained, or how it is modified in the course of time (Bermúdez & Pérez, 2000). Despite the fact that the Big Five personality model is currently the most widely accepted and most widely used personality trait taxonomy among specialists, the scientific literature on the relationship between smoking and the personality dimensions and specific personality traits that make up this model is very scarce and presents inconsistent and, some, contradictory results. Method For the present doctoral thesis, two empirical, related studies have been carried out with a sample of 507 civil guards, most of them young and males, of whom 77 were smokers, 84 ex-smokers and 346 non-smokers. The first study responded to a crosssectional, correlational, cross-group comparison design, and the second one responded to a cross-sectional, correlational, multiple prediction design...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico I (Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica), leída el 28-06-2017