Publication: Detección temprana de los trastornos específicos del neurodesarrollo del lenguaje mediante una prueba de repetición de palabras y pseudopalabras
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2018-03-09
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Se pretende poner a prueba la adecuación y eficacia de una prueba de repetición de palabras y pseudopalabras (TRPP) para detectar a edades tempranas niños en riesgo de desarrollar trastornos específicos del neurodesarrollo del lenguaje (TENDL). La tarea de repetición de palabras y pseudopalabras analiza la exactitud en la repetición o precisión fonológica (PF), en el mantenimiento del número de sílabas o precisión silábica (PS) y en el mantenimiento de la estructura prosódica o ritmo (R) y fue diseñada para niños entre 2 y 4 años por EQUIAL -Equipo de investigación sobre la Adquisición del lenguaje- (Gallego, Puig, Mariscal, y López Ornat, 2010; Mariscal y Gallego, 2013). Debido a la gran variabilidad del proceso de adquisición del lenguaje y a la inexistencia de marcadores claros de lesión neurológica u otras disfunciones orgánicas, los TENDL pese a ser congénitos no se detectan habitualmente hasta bien entrada la infancia, en general a los 4.6, o 5 o más años. Esto dificulta enormemente la intervención ya que en estos casos es crucial intervenir precozmente para maximizar los efectos del aprendizaje. No resulta fácil encontrar pruebas para verificar la presencia temprana de estas alteraciones detectando los casos positivos y evitando las falsas alarmas. Es relativamente frecuente que niños que después desarrollarán el lenguaje con normalidad puedan presentar ausencia de lenguaje o un lenguaje muy reducido durante el primer y segundo año. El papel nuclear que las alteraciones en la memoria fonológica de trabajo (MFT) tiene en estos trastornos emerge cada vez con mayor nitidez. Por su naturaleza, la MFT es idónea para detectar en ella los déficits que posteriormente emergerán como TENDL...
The goal is to test the adequacy and efficacy of a word and non-word repetition test (NWRT) to detect at early stage children at risk of developing neurodevelopmental specific language impairments (NDSLIs). NWRTs analyze the accuracy in the repetition of phonological accuracy (PA), maintenance of syllabic units, syllabic precision (SP), and rhythm (R), and it was designed for children between 2 and 4 years by expert team EQUIAL -Equipo de investigación sobre la Adquisición del lenguaje (Gallego, Puig, Mariscal, and López Ornat, 2010; Mariscal and Gallego, 2013). Due to the great differences during the process of language acquisition and the absence of markers associated to neurological disorders and other lesions, NDSLIs, despite being congenital, are not usually detected until childhood; generally at 4.6, or 5 years, or event later. This fact makes extremely difficult early intervention, which are crucial at those stages to maximize learning effects. It is not an easy task to verify the early presence of these alterations detecting positive cases and avoiding false-positives. It is relatively frequent that cases of language delay or mutism in children during their first two years later develop into normal language acquisition. The central role that phonological working memory (PWM) disorders have in these impairments is becoming increasingly obvious. Due to its nature, PWM tasks are appropriate to detect deficits that eventually will develop into NDSLIs. NWRTs seem a good tool to early detection of alterations in the PWM tasks and, therefore, of suffering later a NDSLIs...
The goal is to test the adequacy and efficacy of a word and non-word repetition test (NWRT) to detect at early stage children at risk of developing neurodevelopmental specific language impairments (NDSLIs). NWRTs analyze the accuracy in the repetition of phonological accuracy (PA), maintenance of syllabic units, syllabic precision (SP), and rhythm (R), and it was designed for children between 2 and 4 years by expert team EQUIAL -Equipo de investigación sobre la Adquisición del lenguaje (Gallego, Puig, Mariscal, and López Ornat, 2010; Mariscal and Gallego, 2013). Due to the great differences during the process of language acquisition and the absence of markers associated to neurological disorders and other lesions, NDSLIs, despite being congenital, are not usually detected until childhood; generally at 4.6, or 5 years, or event later. This fact makes extremely difficult early intervention, which are crucial at those stages to maximize learning effects. It is not an easy task to verify the early presence of these alterations detecting positive cases and avoiding false-positives. It is relatively frequent that cases of language delay or mutism in children during their first two years later develop into normal language acquisition. The central role that phonological working memory (PWM) disorders have in these impairments is becoming increasingly obvious. Due to its nature, PWM tasks are appropriate to detect deficits that eventually will develop into NDSLIs. NWRTs seem a good tool to early detection of alterations in the PWM tasks and, therefore, of suffering later a NDSLIs...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 16/06/2017