Publication: El problema de la técnica en Ortega y Gasset. La técnica como realidad biológica y antropológica
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2018-04-23
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta investigación consiste en un estudio de la técnica y de la aproximación que a ella se realiza en la filosofía de Ortega y Gasset. La tesis principal de este trabajo será que, desde las coordenadas de la filosofía orteguiana, la técnica debe ser entendida como una realidad biológica y antropológica. Una tesis principal que se desglosa y se demuestra a partir de otras tesis parciales. Ante todo, se sostendrá que en Ortega la reflexión sobre la técnica no es una cuestión accidental, sino que la técnica y toda su constelación conceptual pertenece al núcleo de su filosofía vital y antropológica. Una afirmación que ya lleva implícita otra tesis: que la filosofía de Ortega es, de manera eminente, una filosofía biológica y antropológica. A partir de este punto también se abordarán otras tesis parciales, como la afirmación de que el sustrato biológico específicamente humano es condición y posibilitante de la vida humana, o la tesis de que la técnica e inteligencia humana constituyen desarrollos desmesurados de capacidades existentes en el resto de animales, una desmesura sobrevenida principalmente por la inmadurez de las crías humanas. A estas tesis biológicas y antropológicas, habremos de añadir otras tesis metafísicas, especialmente dos. En primer lugar, mantendremos la tesis de que la categoría de poiesis ha sido obnubilada por una tradición constitutivamente anti-vital y anti-instrumentalista. En segundo lugar, sostendremos la tesis de que la dicotomía entre vida y artificio es inoperante y debe ser superada. La última tesis que defenderemos, corolario de todo lo anterior, es que esta comprensión de la técnica elaborada a partir de la filosofía orteguiana es un punto de partida inmejorable para entender el tecnificado mundo de hoy en día. Objetivos: El primer objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la presencia del problema de la técnica en la obra de Ortega, recorriendo sus distintas modulaciones y evolución a lo largo de sus escritos. El segundo objetivo consiste en exponer la base biológica y antropológica desde la que el filósofo español aborda la técnica. Una base bio-antropológica novedosa que contrasta poderosamente con la crítica y negación de la técnica preponderante en la tradición filosófica. El tercer objetivo será explicar esta polémica entre la filosofía de la técnica orteguiana y otras reflexiones sobre la técnica del último siglo, para acabar defendiendo una comprensión de la técnica plenamente integrada en la vida...
This investigation is a study of technique and the particular approach to technique we can discover in Ortega y Gasset́s philosophy. The main thesis of this work will be that, from Ortegás philosophy coordinates, technique must be understood as a biological and anthropological reality. A main thesis that can be broken down and demonstrated by many other partial thesis. First of all, we will sustain that in Ortegás thought technique is not a secondary issue, but that technique and all its conceptual constellation belongs to its vital and anthropological philosophy. An affirmation that implies other thesis: that Ortegás philosophy is, primarily, a biological and anthropological philosophy. This point will lead us to other partial thesis, like the assertion that the specific human biological basis is a condition and an enabler of human life, or the thesis that technique and inteligence constitute disproportionate developments of capacities present in animals, a disproportion caused mainly by the immaturity of human descendants. This biological and anthropological thesis will be supplemented by other metaphysical thesis, mainly two. Firstly, we will mantain the thesis that poiesis as a cathegory has been overshadowed by a anti-vital and anti-instrumentalist tradition. Secondly, we will sustain the thesis that the dichotomy between life and artífice is inoperative and must be surpassed. The last thesis we will defend, corrollary of the previous ideas, is that this understanding of technique crafted from Ortegás philosophy is an outstanding starting point to comprehend the technified world of today. Objectives: The first purpose of this investigation is to show the presence of technique´s discussion in Ortega´s work, going through it´s different modulations and evolution along his writtings. The second objective consists in exposing the biological and anthropological basis from which the spanish philosopher approaches technique. A innovative bio-anthropological basis that strongly contrasts with the established criticism and negation of technique of the philosophical tradition. The third objective will be to explain this dispute between Ortega´s philosophy of technique and other thoughts on technique of the last century, to end advocating for a comprehension of technique integrated in life...
This investigation is a study of technique and the particular approach to technique we can discover in Ortega y Gasset́s philosophy. The main thesis of this work will be that, from Ortegás philosophy coordinates, technique must be understood as a biological and anthropological reality. A main thesis that can be broken down and demonstrated by many other partial thesis. First of all, we will sustain that in Ortegás thought technique is not a secondary issue, but that technique and all its conceptual constellation belongs to its vital and anthropological philosophy. An affirmation that implies other thesis: that Ortegás philosophy is, primarily, a biological and anthropological philosophy. This point will lead us to other partial thesis, like the assertion that the specific human biological basis is a condition and an enabler of human life, or the thesis that technique and inteligence constitute disproportionate developments of capacities present in animals, a disproportion caused mainly by the immaturity of human descendants. This biological and anthropological thesis will be supplemented by other metaphysical thesis, mainly two. Firstly, we will mantain the thesis that poiesis as a cathegory has been overshadowed by a anti-vital and anti-instrumentalist tradition. Secondly, we will sustain the thesis that the dichotomy between life and artífice is inoperative and must be surpassed. The last thesis we will defend, corrollary of the previous ideas, is that this understanding of technique crafted from Ortegás philosophy is an outstanding starting point to comprehend the technified world of today. Objectives: The first purpose of this investigation is to show the presence of technique´s discussion in Ortega´s work, going through it´s different modulations and evolution along his writtings. The second objective consists in exposing the biological and anthropological basis from which the spanish philosopher approaches technique. A innovative bio-anthropological basis that strongly contrasts with the established criticism and negation of technique of the philosophical tradition. The third objective will be to explain this dispute between Ortega´s philosophy of technique and other thoughts on technique of the last century, to end advocating for a comprehension of technique integrated in life...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 27/09/2017