Publication: Dialéctica: libertad religiosa-laicidad
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2018-05-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la interacción dinámica de laicidad y libertad religiosa, lo que no se mide no se puede gestionar. Conocer el estado de salud de la libertad religiosa y de conciencia en el ámbito escolar puede ser un buen indicador para medir el pulso de la libertad. El comienzo del tercer milenio vuelve la mirada a la Educación como esperanza para la promoción de la tolerancia y de la paz, pero el ideal inclusivo de la educación tropieza una y otra vez con la exclusión, también de la dimensión axiológica, poniendo en peligro la esfera publica en cuanto ámbito de diálogo, encuentro y creatividad. Detrás de gran parte de las reclamaciones de los ciudadanos sobre violaciones de derechos fundamentales en materia de educación, emergen con fuerza cuestiones de objeción de conciencia como uno de los fenómenos más llamativos que conoce el derecho contemporáneo. El presente trabajo reflexiona acerca del marco legal y social en que surgen estas cuestiones de conciencia. En las sociedades democráticas más avanzadas, los problemas de intolerancia y discriminación no suelen plantearse en términos de agresiones directas sino que es en sede de agresiones indirectas donde las libertades corren peligro. La protección jurídica de la libertad disminuye cuando los derechos de la conciencia son confinados al ámbito privado. Deterioro significativo de la libertad religiosa y de conciencia que avanza penetrando todas las capas de la sociedad y registra su epicentro en la debilitada institución educativa, en la creciente litigiosidad en el ámbito escolar y en el mecanismo sacrificial como trasfondo social y sistema regulador de la convivencia, desde las edades más tempranas. Desde un análisis constructivo y con el fin de promover los valores superiores del ordenamiento jurídico, resulta necesario adoptar medidas que garanticen el ejercicio efectivo de la primera de las libertades a todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa, ampliando sus opciones para cumplir las exigencias de la Ley, sin que sean violentadas sus conciencias.
In the dynamic interaction of secularism and religious freedom, what is not evaluated it’s not possible to manage/what is not measured can not be managed. Knowing the state of health of religious freedom and conscience in the school environment, can be a good indicator to measure the pulse of freedom. The beginning of the third millenium looks to education as a hope for the promotion of tolerance and peace, but the inclusive ideal of education is again and again confronted with the exclusion, also of the axiological dimension, endangering the public sphere as a field of dialogue, meeting and creativity. Behind a large part of citizens’ claims of violations of fundamental rights in education, questions of conscientious objection emerge as one of the most striking phenomena in contemporary law. This paper reflects on the legal and social framework in which these issues of conscience arise. In the most advanced democratic societies, problems of intolerance and discrimination are not often raised in terms of direct aggresions, but rather indirect aggressions where liberties are at risk. The legal protection of freedom moves back/diminishes when the rights of conscience are confined to the private sphere. Significant deterioration of religious freedom and conscience that progresses penetrating all layers of society and registers its epicenter in the weak educational institution, in the growing litigation in the school environment and in the sacrificial mechanism as social background and regulatory system of coexistence, from the earliest ages. From a constructive analysis and in order to promote the superior values of the legal system, it is necessary to adopt measures that guarantee the effective exercise of the first of the freedoms to all members of the educational community expelling their options to fulfill the requeriments of the law without their consciences being violated.
In the dynamic interaction of secularism and religious freedom, what is not evaluated it’s not possible to manage/what is not measured can not be managed. Knowing the state of health of religious freedom and conscience in the school environment, can be a good indicator to measure the pulse of freedom. The beginning of the third millenium looks to education as a hope for the promotion of tolerance and peace, but the inclusive ideal of education is again and again confronted with the exclusion, also of the axiological dimension, endangering the public sphere as a field of dialogue, meeting and creativity. Behind a large part of citizens’ claims of violations of fundamental rights in education, questions of conscientious objection emerge as one of the most striking phenomena in contemporary law. This paper reflects on the legal and social framework in which these issues of conscience arise. In the most advanced democratic societies, problems of intolerance and discrimination are not often raised in terms of direct aggresions, but rather indirect aggressions where liberties are at risk. The legal protection of freedom moves back/diminishes when the rights of conscience are confined to the private sphere. Significant deterioration of religious freedom and conscience that progresses penetrating all layers of society and registers its epicenter in the weak educational institution, in the growing litigation in the school environment and in the sacrificial mechanism as social background and regulatory system of coexistence, from the earliest ages. From a constructive analysis and in order to promote the superior values of the legal system, it is necessary to adopt measures that guarantee the effective exercise of the first of the freedoms to all members of the educational community expelling their options to fulfill the requeriments of the law without their consciences being violated.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 14-06-2017