Publication: Las crisis de los dueños del poder en México. Los partidos políticos tradicionales y su aportación a la democracia mexicana. Identidad, confianza y representación
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2018-06-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
¿La era de la democracia de partidos ha pasado? Esta tesis busca rescatar el valor del partido político tradicional mexicano como institución clásica de la representación política y manifestación institucional de la opinión pública frente a los duros ataques a que la doctrina lo ha sometido. Es un estudio que ofrece un intento de comprensión sobre las llamadas “crisis” de la identidad, de la confianza y de la representación, en momentos dignos de atención para el sistema de partidos mexicano: la primera gran derrota del partido hegemónico en la elección presidencial del año 2000 y su regreso a encabezar la primera posición política del Estado mexicano –la presidencia de la República– en el año 2012. El análisis de la “crisis” de la identidad se centra en estudiar factores comparables de medición tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos, relacionados a conceptos tales como: la identificación partidista y la ciudadanía electoral, para determinar la permanencia o variación en la identidad del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI). Posteriormente, en el estudio de la “crisis” de la confianza se procura presentar una manera de medir la confianza partidista en México vista a través del lente cuantitativo y fundamentada en la comprensión teórica del concepto, en la función de socialización del partido político, así como en la observación del comportamiento de las variables “confianza institucional”, “confianza interpersonal” y “confianza para que con los partidos haya democracia”. Finalmente, en lo concerniente a la crisis de la representación se analiza desde la ciudadanía mexicana la evolución o involución del sentimiento de la representación, tomando como estudio de caso a los principales partidos políticos tradicionales en términos de representatividad: Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) y Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD). Asimismo, se ofrecen algunas consideraciones útiles para el fortalecimiento de dichas instituciones y del sistema democrático representativo en México a través de la Opinión Pública y la Comunicación Política.
Is the era of party democracy gone? This thesis seeks to rescue the value of the traditional Mexican political party as a classic institution of political representation and institutional manifestation of public opinion in the face of the harsh attacks to which the doctrine has been submitted. It is a study that offers an attempt to understand the so-called "crisis" of identity, trust and representation, in moments worthy of attention for the Mexican party system: the first major defeat of the hegemonic party in the presidential election of 2000 and its return to lead the first political position of the Mexican State -the presidency of the Republic- in 2012. The analysis of the "crisis" of identity focuses on comparative, quantitative and qualitative factors related to concepts such as party identification and electoral citizenship to determine the permanence or variation in the identity of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Subsequently, in the study of the "crisis" of trust, we try to present a way to measure partisan trust in Mexico seen through the quantitative lens and based on the theoretical understanding of the concept, the socialization function, as well as observation of the behavior of the variables "institutional trust", "interpersonal trust" and "trust for parties to have democracy." Finally, regarding the crisis of representation, the evolution or involution of the feeling of representation is analyzed through, taking as a case study the main traditional political parties in terms of representativeness: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), National Action Party (PAN) and Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). Likewise, some useful considerations are offered for the strengthening of these institutions and of the representative democratic system in Mexico through Public Opinion and Political Communication.
Is the era of party democracy gone? This thesis seeks to rescue the value of the traditional Mexican political party as a classic institution of political representation and institutional manifestation of public opinion in the face of the harsh attacks to which the doctrine has been submitted. It is a study that offers an attempt to understand the so-called "crisis" of identity, trust and representation, in moments worthy of attention for the Mexican party system: the first major defeat of the hegemonic party in the presidential election of 2000 and its return to lead the first political position of the Mexican State -the presidency of the Republic- in 2012. The analysis of the "crisis" of identity focuses on comparative, quantitative and qualitative factors related to concepts such as party identification and electoral citizenship to determine the permanence or variation in the identity of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Subsequently, in the study of the "crisis" of trust, we try to present a way to measure partisan trust in Mexico seen through the quantitative lens and based on the theoretical understanding of the concept, the socialization function, as well as observation of the behavior of the variables "institutional trust", "interpersonal trust" and "trust for parties to have democracy." Finally, regarding the crisis of representation, the evolution or involution of the feeling of representation is analyzed through, taking as a case study the main traditional political parties in terms of representativeness: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), National Action Party (PAN) and Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). Likewise, some useful considerations are offered for the strengthening of these institutions and of the representative democratic system in Mexico through Public Opinion and Political Communication.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Sociología IV (Opinión Pública y Cultura de Masas), leída el 29/11/2017