Publication: El modelo constitucional del General de Gaulle. Su concepción del poder
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2018-06-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Centrada en la figura del general de Gaulle, la presente tesis analiza tanto su modelo constitucional como su evolución a lo largo de sus sucesivos mandatos presidenciales durante la Vª República francesa, con especial mención a la institución de la Jefatura del Estado y poniendo de relieve la importancia de la palabra en la vida política del General. En un contexto de absoluto descrédito del sistema institucional vigente [durante la IVª República], a su regreso al poder en mayo de 1958 De Gaulle impulsará la elaboración de una nueva Carta Magna que será ampliamente aceptada por el país, si bien supondrá un cambio disruptivo en la tradición constitucional francesa en la medida en que vendrá a modificar los esquemas del poder. Con una clara voluntad de mejora sobre las Constituciones precedentes de 1875 y 1946 respectivamente, que habían fallado en su intención de consolidar un régimen estable, y a resultas del trabajo realizado por el poder constituyente previsto por el régimen anterior siguiendo los principios estipulados en la ley constitucional del 3 de junio de 1958 - cuyas dos principales prioridades eran de un lado restaurar la autoridad del Estado y de otro acotar los poderes de los partidos -, tendremos ocasión de ver como el texto aprobado mediante el referéndum celebrado el 28 de septiembre de 1958 será ante todo una Constitución moderna que intentará adaptarse a la realidad socio-política del momento y cuya originalidad radicará básicamente tanto en el diseño de los poderes de la República – con especial mención a la novedosa forma de concebir su magistratura suprema - como en la relación que establece con los territorios de ultramar. Dos ideas serán claves a partir de ahora: en primer lugar reforzar el Ejecutivo, manteniendo la bicefalia y otorgándole primacía a la figura del Presidente de la República que - a semejanza del “poder neutro” esgrimido por Benjamin Constant acerca de la Jefatura del Estado – se situaría al margen de los partidos políticos y actuaría como árbitro de cara a procurar de un lado el equilibrio de las diferentes instituciones y de otro la permanencia del poder del Estado. Por otra parte, la segunda idea clave de la Constitución...
Focused on General de Gaullés political career path, this thesis analyzes his constitutional model and his evolution along his successive Presidential mandates during the French Fifth Republic, with special attention to the Head of State institution and emphasizing the importance of his speeches at his political life. In an absolute discredit context about the current institutional system [during the French Fourth Republic], De Gaulle will come back to power during the May 1958 crisis and he will be the main drive in introducing a new Constitution that will be accepted by majority, although this text will mean a disruptive change in the French constitutional tradition as it will modify the whole power framework. With a firm will for improving the previous Constitutions [both from 1875 and 1946] that couldńt consolidate an stable system, and considering the works that were done by the previous regime following the principles included at the constitutional law [June 3rd, 1958], and whose two main priorities were restoring the State authority and defining the power of political parties, we will see how the new text – approved by the referendum held on September 28th 1958 – will be a modern Constitution that will try to adapt to the current socio- political context. Its innovation will involve a new design of the Republic power framework – with an special mention to the Head of State - and a new relationship with the overseas territories. From now there will be two main ideas in the Constitution of the Fifth Republic: the first one is to strength the Executive, but keeping the bi-cephalic structure and awarding the supremacy to the President of the French Republic, who will be apart from the political parties and will behave as an arbitrator to get the balance between the different institutions and to keep the State power continuity. On the other hand, the second main idea will consist in defining the Parliament role in order to restrict its supremacy, above all after the previous decadence experiences [during the Third and the Fourth French Republics] from a parlamentary system to an assembly system, so a set of new measures will be introduced to get a rationalized Parliament...
Focused on General de Gaullés political career path, this thesis analyzes his constitutional model and his evolution along his successive Presidential mandates during the French Fifth Republic, with special attention to the Head of State institution and emphasizing the importance of his speeches at his political life. In an absolute discredit context about the current institutional system [during the French Fourth Republic], De Gaulle will come back to power during the May 1958 crisis and he will be the main drive in introducing a new Constitution that will be accepted by majority, although this text will mean a disruptive change in the French constitutional tradition as it will modify the whole power framework. With a firm will for improving the previous Constitutions [both from 1875 and 1946] that couldńt consolidate an stable system, and considering the works that were done by the previous regime following the principles included at the constitutional law [June 3rd, 1958], and whose two main priorities were restoring the State authority and defining the power of political parties, we will see how the new text – approved by the referendum held on September 28th 1958 – will be a modern Constitution that will try to adapt to the current socio- political context. Its innovation will involve a new design of the Republic power framework – with an special mention to the Head of State - and a new relationship with the overseas territories. From now there will be two main ideas in the Constitution of the Fifth Republic: the first one is to strength the Executive, but keeping the bi-cephalic structure and awarding the supremacy to the President of the French Republic, who will be apart from the political parties and will behave as an arbitrator to get the balance between the different institutions and to keep the State power continuity. On the other hand, the second main idea will consist in defining the Parliament role in order to restrict its supremacy, above all after the previous decadence experiences [during the Third and the Fourth French Republics] from a parlamentary system to an assembly system, so a set of new measures will be introduced to get a rationalized Parliament...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 23-06-2017