Publication: Aplicación de la tutela específica como sustitución de la indemnización por los daños punitivos: un análisis económico
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2018-06-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis constituye el análisis de la posibilidad de sustitución de los daños punitivos por una tutela específica, primordialmente en el área del derecho del consumidor. La tesis examinó la doctrina de los daños punitivos, ilustrando su origen y evolución. En seguida, revisó la teoría del análisis económico del derecho relacionado con el instituto, con el propósito de inquirir en las funciones de la responsabilidad civil, exponiendo sus objetivos principales, en concreto el propósito disuasorio, por consiguiente debiendo responsabilizar al ofensor por todo el daño causado, y de esta forma evitar el enriquecimiento injusto del responsable por el daño. Posteriormente se estudiaron las dificultades relacionadas con el tema, como el problema del enriquecimiento injusto de la víctima, y la dificultad de cálculo de la indemnización correcta para evitar la supra disuasión o la infra disuasión, por medio del estudio de fallos de la Suprema Corte americana así como de la doctrina del análisis económico del derecho y de las leyes que abordan el instituto. De la misma manera se examinaron algunas propuestas doctrinales que intentan evitar esos problemas. Como una solución para esas cuestiones, se propuso la sustitución de la indemnización punitiva por una tutela específica. En consecuencia, la tesis consideró la legitimación para la acción y el pedido de daños punitivos, así como el instituto de la tutela específica, por medio del estudio de la legislación y doctrina sobre el tema. Al final concluye con algunos ejemplos, dado que la aplicación de la reparación en forma específica en muchas acciones judiciales alcanzaría de modo más asertivo los objetivos de los daños punitivos, pues evitaría principalmente la alegación del enriquecimiento sin justa causa y el problema de la cuantificación, y facilitaría alcanzar la disuasión ideal, así como generaría en el sistema judicial un efecto positivo, reduciendo el número de acciones judiciales, una vez que repararía in natura las lesiones sufridas por otros consumidores que no necesitarían ir más a juicio para la tutela de su derecho. Por último, trae el ejemplo de un fallo judicial que ha determinado la sustitución de la indemnización punitiva por una tutela específica en Estados Unidos.
The thesis analised the possibility of substituting the punitive damages in a judicial statement, for a specific performance, mainly in the consumer area. First, the thesis went through the punitive damages doctrine, showing its origin and evolution. After, it studied the economic analysis of law theory regarding punitive damages, for that analysing the functions of civil liability related to the institute, demonstrating its principal goals, which is to achieve proper deterrence, by helding the injurer responsible for all the harm caused, and avoid the unjust enrichment of the offender. In the sequence it investigated the difficulties surrounding the theme, as the problem of injust enrichment of the victim, and the difficulty of calcultaing the right amount in a way to avoid overdeterrence or underdeterrence, going through some of the United States Supreme Court decisions, the economic analysis of law doctrine and some laws related to the institute. It also showed some doctrinal proposals that try to avoid those problems, and its issues. As a solution for those questions, it has then suggested the substitution of the punitive damages indemnization for an specific performance. For that, the thesis studied the legitimacy to litigate, and the institute of specific performance itself, going over the legislation regarding the theme. It concluded, by using some examples, how in many lawsuits the sentences applying specific performance would be better in achieving the goals aimed by punitive damages, once it avoids mainly the problem of the unjust enrichment and the ones related on quantifying the actual indemnization, helping to achieve the ideal deterrence, and would also have a positive effect in the judicial system, by diminishing the number of law suits, once the decision would affect other consumers that had suffered the same injuries, which wouldńt need to go to court . In the end brings an exemple of a judicial decision that has sustituted the punitive indemnization for an specific performance in the United States.
The thesis analised the possibility of substituting the punitive damages in a judicial statement, for a specific performance, mainly in the consumer area. First, the thesis went through the punitive damages doctrine, showing its origin and evolution. After, it studied the economic analysis of law theory regarding punitive damages, for that analysing the functions of civil liability related to the institute, demonstrating its principal goals, which is to achieve proper deterrence, by helding the injurer responsible for all the harm caused, and avoid the unjust enrichment of the offender. In the sequence it investigated the difficulties surrounding the theme, as the problem of injust enrichment of the victim, and the difficulty of calcultaing the right amount in a way to avoid overdeterrence or underdeterrence, going through some of the United States Supreme Court decisions, the economic analysis of law doctrine and some laws related to the institute. It also showed some doctrinal proposals that try to avoid those problems, and its issues. As a solution for those questions, it has then suggested the substitution of the punitive damages indemnization for an specific performance. For that, the thesis studied the legitimacy to litigate, and the institute of specific performance itself, going over the legislation regarding the theme. It concluded, by using some examples, how in many lawsuits the sentences applying specific performance would be better in achieving the goals aimed by punitive damages, once it avoids mainly the problem of the unjust enrichment and the ones related on quantifying the actual indemnization, helping to achieve the ideal deterrence, and would also have a positive effect in the judicial system, by diminishing the number of law suits, once the decision would affect other consumers that had suffered the same injuries, which wouldńt need to go to court . In the end brings an exemple of a judicial decision that has sustituted the punitive indemnization for an specific performance in the United States.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 11-09-2017