Publication: Aprendizaje Servicio en Microbiología y Salud Pública: enseñando a prevenir las enfermedades infecciosas a población desfavorecida
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2018-06-30
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Abstract
El Aprendizaje Servicio (ApS) es una metodología docente que combina procesos de aprendizaje de contenidos específicos y adquisición de competencias propias de la titulación por parte de los alumnos con el servicio a la comunidad, aprendiendo también a trabajar en las necesidades reales de su entorno con la finalidad de mejorarlo.
La Comisión de Sostenibilidad de la Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas (CRUE), consciente de la función de la Universidad como generadora y transmisora de conocimiento, junto con la dimensión social de servicio público, recogía en 2015 la recomendación de institucionalización de los proyectos de Aprendizaje-Servicio como estrategia docente dentro del marco de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria para la promoción de la sostenibilidad en la Universidad.
El proyecto de ApS que se describe cubre los dos ejes fundamentales de este tipo de metodología docente: (i) aprendizaje por los alumnos de contenidos curriculares de asignaturas de Microbiología Clínica (estudio de agentes patógenos causantes de enfermedades infecciosas, mecanismos de transmisión y su forma de prevención), así como adquisición de competencias profesionales y transversales de las asignaturas y Grados (relacionadas con el trabajo en equipo, análisis crítico, comunicación coordinación) y (ii) servicio a colectivo desfavorecido (formación en Salud Pública) a grupos de personas desfavorecidas o en riesgo de exclusión social. Se pretendía también dar mayor uso a los materiales docentes generados en un Proyecto de Innovación, en concreto una colección de 50 películas sobre enfermedades infecciosas depositadas en la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Biología.
La propuesta consiste en: acompañamiento, actividad lúdica y formación en prevención de enfermedades infecciosas, mediante la proyección de películas, seguido de coloquio, con énfasis en la explicación de los mecanismos de transmisión de patógenos y su forma de prevención. Los alumnos participantes se comprometen y hacen responsables de la coordinación y desarrollo de las actividades.
En el proyecto hemos participado un amplio grupo multidisciplinar formado por tres profesoras Microbiología clínica y de Bioquímica, una alumna de doctorado de Microbiología y una colaboradora postdoctoral de Antropología Física, de las Facultades de Biología y de Farmacia, 20 alumnos de los Grados en Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia de la UCM y de Ingeniería Biomédica de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, cuatro Fundaciones, con unos 10 coordinadores/voluntarios y más de 100 personas atendidas en seis centros distintos. La valoración final del proyecto es muy satisfactoria desde el punto de vista docente y de aprendizaje de los alumnos, como de la implicación social y de cooperación en justicia social.
Service Learning (S-L) is a teaching methodology that combines learning processes of specific content and acquisition of competences of the degree by the students with the service to the community, also learning to work on the real needs of their environment with the purpose of improving it. The Spanish Universities highlight the social dimension of public service together with the generation and transmission of knowledge and recommend of institutionalization of projects of Service-Learning as a teaching strategy for the promotion of sustainability in the University. The ApS project described covers the two fundamental axes of this type of teaching methodology: (i) learning by students of curricular contents of subjects of Clinical Microbiology of the degrees (study of pathogens causing infectious diseases), mechanisms of transmission and its form of prevention), as well as acquisition of professional and transversal competences (i.e. teamwork, critical analysis, communication, coordination) and (ii) service to disadvantaged group (training in Public Health together with recreational activity and support to groups of disadvantaged people or at risk of social exclusion. It was also intended to make greater use of the teaching materials generated in a previous Innovation Project, i.e. a collection of 50 films on infectious diseases deposited in the Library of the Faculty of Biology. The proposal consists of: accompaniment, recreational activity and training in Public Health using fiction films in which an infectious disease appears and followed by a discussion, with an emphasis on explanation of the mechanisms of transmission of pathogens and their prevention. A multidisciplinary group participated in the project, including three teachers of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemistry, a PhD student of Microbiology and a postdoctoral collaborator of Physical Anthropology, from the Faculties of Biology and Pharmacy, together with 20 students of the Degrees in Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy of the UCM and Biomedical Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Madrid, four Foundations, with about 10 coordinators / volunteers, and more than 100 people in five different centers. The final evaluation of the project is very satisfactory from the point of view of teaching and learning of the students, as well as social involvement and cooperation in social justice.
Service Learning (S-L) is a teaching methodology that combines learning processes of specific content and acquisition of competences of the degree by the students with the service to the community, also learning to work on the real needs of their environment with the purpose of improving it. The Spanish Universities highlight the social dimension of public service together with the generation and transmission of knowledge and recommend of institutionalization of projects of Service-Learning as a teaching strategy for the promotion of sustainability in the University. The ApS project described covers the two fundamental axes of this type of teaching methodology: (i) learning by students of curricular contents of subjects of Clinical Microbiology of the degrees (study of pathogens causing infectious diseases), mechanisms of transmission and its form of prevention), as well as acquisition of professional and transversal competences (i.e. teamwork, critical analysis, communication, coordination) and (ii) service to disadvantaged group (training in Public Health together with recreational activity and support to groups of disadvantaged people or at risk of social exclusion. It was also intended to make greater use of the teaching materials generated in a previous Innovation Project, i.e. a collection of 50 films on infectious diseases deposited in the Library of the Faculty of Biology. The proposal consists of: accompaniment, recreational activity and training in Public Health using fiction films in which an infectious disease appears and followed by a discussion, with an emphasis on explanation of the mechanisms of transmission of pathogens and their prevention. A multidisciplinary group participated in the project, including three teachers of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemistry, a PhD student of Microbiology and a postdoctoral collaborator of Physical Anthropology, from the Faculties of Biology and Pharmacy, together with 20 students of the Degrees in Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy of the UCM and Biomedical Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Madrid, four Foundations, with about 10 coordinators / volunteers, and more than 100 people in five different centers. The final evaluation of the project is very satisfactory from the point of view of teaching and learning of the students, as well as social involvement and cooperation in social justice.