Publication: Populismo progresista y autoritarismo xenófobo en Europa
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2018
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Instituo Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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Si hay algo que une a los que se han acercado al concepto “populismo” es que es un término confuso, que sirve para describir expresiones políticas a veces antagónicas. En el presente trabajo trazamos los contextos, características y principales desarrollos de los populismos primigenios (Rusia y EEUU). La caracterización de la génesis populista nos permite identificar una dinámica política y económica en la UE que afecta a su proceso de integración ya que, mientras el populismo económico progresista del sur de Europa imagina una política económica dentro de una construcción progresista europea, el autoritarismo xenófobo centro europeo construye su imaginario fuera del proceso de integración. La hipótesis principal de este trabajo se construye sobre esta base en tres pasos. Primero, interpretamos estas dos tendencias como las que actualmente compiten en el cambio político dentro de los estados nación europeos. Segundo, se defiende que la dinámica supranacional europea de la integración no es autónoma, sino que es la agregación de las dinámicas nacionales. En tercer y último lugar, se interpreta el populismo económico progresista como el único capaz de generar un consenso similar al consenso político económico existente entre 1945-1973, y que permitió desarrollar el Estado de Bienestar, rasgo característico fundamental de la construcción europea. Esto nos permite proponer como nuevo paradigma de integración europeo la construcción y expansión del EB en el sur de Europa, impulsado por un plan de inversión verde en el continente.
If there is a common element in the different approaches to the concept of “populism”, its definition as a confusing term, which serves to describe antagonistic political expressions. In this work we draw the characteristics, context and the main developments of original populist movements (US and Russia). The characterization of the populist genesis allows us to identify a political and economical dynamic in the EU that affects its integration process since, while the progressive economic populism of southern Europe imagines an economic policy within a progressive European construction, the xenophobic authoritarianism European center constructs its imaginary outside of the European integration process. The main hypothesis of this work is built on this basis and constructed in three steps. First, we interpret these two trends as those that are currently competing for political leadership within European nation states. Second, we argue that the European supranational dynamics of integration is not autonomous, but it is constructed through the aggregation of national political dynamics. In last place, progressive economic populism is interpreted as the only one capable of generating a consensus similar to the political economic consensus existing between 1945-1973, which allowed the development of the Welfare State, a fundamental characteristic feature of European construction.
If there is a common element in the different approaches to the concept of “populism”, its definition as a confusing term, which serves to describe antagonistic political expressions. In this work we draw the characteristics, context and the main developments of original populist movements (US and Russia). The characterization of the populist genesis allows us to identify a political and economical dynamic in the EU that affects its integration process since, while the progressive economic populism of southern Europe imagines an economic policy within a progressive European construction, the xenophobic authoritarianism European center constructs its imaginary outside of the European integration process. The main hypothesis of this work is built on this basis and constructed in three steps. First, we interpret these two trends as those that are currently competing for political leadership within European nation states. Second, we argue that the European supranational dynamics of integration is not autonomous, but it is constructed through the aggregation of national political dynamics. In last place, progressive economic populism is interpreted as the only one capable of generating a consensus similar to the political economic consensus existing between 1945-1973, which allowed the development of the Welfare State, a fundamental characteristic feature of European construction.
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