Publication: Rompiendo la inmunotolerancia en el entorno tumoral mediante el uso de vacunas oncolíticas
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2016-02
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Abstract
La inmunoterapia contra el cáncer está mejorando día a día y cobrando mayor importancia gracias a los avances que han mejorado el conocimiento del sistema inmune en esta enfermedad y el proceso de inmunoedición. Uno de los objetivos principales de estos tratamientos es revertir la inmunosupresión inherente al entorno tumoral para así facilitar la creación de una respuesta antitumoral específica por parte del sistema inmune. Una estrategia incluida en este grupo terapéutico es la de las vacunas oncolíticas, una herramienta que consiste en el uso de virus modificados genéticamente para destruir selectivamente las células cancerosas. La destrucción de células cancerosas se consigue de dos formas: a corto plazo (oncolisis por acción directa del virus) y a largo plazo (reversión de la inmunosupresión y generación de la respuesta inmune). A la hora de diseñar los virus no sólo se fomenta la especificidad por células tumorales sino que también se han probado con éxito otras modificaciones que les permitan conseguir una mayor respuesta del sistema inmunitario. El uso de virus oncolíticos ofrece una gran variedad de estrategias de tratamiento diferentes debido a la relativa facilidad con la que se puede modificar un virus para armarlo con genes que supongan un tratamiento más efectivo.
Cancer immunotherapy is being improved and also becoming more important day by day due to the achievements which made possible a better understanding of the immune system role in cancer and also the discovery of the immunoediting process. One of the main goals of these treatments is to revert the immunosuppression inherent to the tumor microenvironment and hence allowing the immune system to elaborate an specific antitumoral response. Oncolytic vaccine strategies are included in this therapeutic group and they entail the use of genetically engineered viruses to destroy cancer cells in a specific manner. With this treatment the sort term (oncolysis directly caused by the viruses) and long term (reversion of the immunosuppression and immune response generation) mechanisms are combined. When viruses are designed, cancer cell destruction is not the only thing taken into account but another sort of modificaitions which make them achieve higher responses from the immune system. The use of oncolytic viruses offers a large amount of different treatment strategies due to how relatively easy is to modify a virus and arm it with genes which will mean more effective treatments.
Cancer immunotherapy is being improved and also becoming more important day by day due to the achievements which made possible a better understanding of the immune system role in cancer and also the discovery of the immunoediting process. One of the main goals of these treatments is to revert the immunosuppression inherent to the tumor microenvironment and hence allowing the immune system to elaborate an specific antitumoral response. Oncolytic vaccine strategies are included in this therapeutic group and they entail the use of genetically engineered viruses to destroy cancer cells in a specific manner. With this treatment the sort term (oncolysis directly caused by the viruses) and long term (reversion of the immunosuppression and immune response generation) mechanisms are combined. When viruses are designed, cancer cell destruction is not the only thing taken into account but another sort of modificaitions which make them achieve higher responses from the immune system. The use of oncolytic viruses offers a large amount of different treatment strategies due to how relatively easy is to modify a virus and arm it with genes which will mean more effective treatments.