Publication: Terrorismo en el Alto Imperio Romano (43 a.C. - 197 d.C.): semejanzas de un fenómeno moderno en tiempos antiguos
Loading...
Files
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2018-08-21
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
A la hora de lanzarnos en el estudio del terrorismo para descubrir su posible localización en el mundo antiguo, resulta imperativo recordar que este fenómeno se caracteriza por la producción de actos violentos que afectan tanto a bienes como a personas y que tienen como principal función intimidar y aterrorizar a un determinado colectivo. Las manos ejecutoras de estos actos violentos, entendiéndose con ello las personas que han ideado el atentado, nunca se dejan influenciar por razones personales, sino que comparten un pensamiento y objetivo colectivos, un objetivo que es en todo momento de carácter político, con una importante relevancia social, simbólica o económica, y supone por ello la verdadera esencia y razón del atentado o del grupo opositor que lo protagoniza, de ahí que sean considerados ilegales por la autoridad, aunque sin olvidar la necesaria reflexión de que un atentado “terrorista” también puede ser ejercido por esa misma autoridad. Dados los relevantes efectos de un atentado, se asume que en ningún caso debe ser considerado como una acción irracional, pues detrás hay una cuidada estrategia basada en el efecto psicológico del terror sobre el individuo o el público en general, un terror que provoca confusión, malinterpretaciones, parálisis… convirtiendo a la acción terrorista en una excelente herramienta de comunicación y control, y por tanto, el terrorismo se entiende como una táctica de carácter político utilizada en determinados contextos, tan antiguo como la misma guerra y utilizado tanto por partidos de derecha e izquierda como por movimientos nacionalistas, comunidades religiosas o grupos étnicos, de ahí que varios investigadores no tengan reparos en poder realizar un estudio de este fenómeno en la Antigüedad. La ausencia del término “terrorismo” en el mundo antiguo no debe ser un obstáculo para su investigación, pero se asume que la tardía aparición del mismo en el vocabulario político del siglo XVIII y las diversas formas que ha asumido el fenómeno provocaron una errónea comprensión de sus causas, tácticas y metas. Solo a través de un cuidado análisis de la trayectoria histórica del terrorismo podemos establecer una conexión entre la Antigüedad y la Modernidad, apreciándose cierto continuismo en algunas de las más destacadas ideas y teorías filosófico-políticas que sirvieron de inspiración para la justificación de varios sucesos calificables como terroristas...
When we launch in the study of terrorism to discover its possible location in the ancient world, it is imperative to remember that this phenomenon is characterized by the production of violent acts that affect both property and people and whose main function is to intimidate and terrorize a certain group. The perpetrators of these violent acts, understood as the persons who have devised the attack, are never allowed for personal reasons, but share a collective thought and a common objetive, a goal that is at all times of a political nature, with an important social, symbolic or economic relevance, and is therefore the true essence and reason of the attack or the opposition group that leads it, hence they are considered illegal by the authoriry, but without the necessary reflection that a “terrorist” attack can be exercised by the same authority. Given the significant effects of an attack, it is assumed that under no circumstances should be considered as an irrational action, because behind there is a careful strategy based on the psychological effect of terror on the individual or the public in general, a terror that causes confusion, misinterpretation, paralysis... making terrorist action an excellent tool of communication and control, and therefore, terrorism is understood as a tactic of a political nature used in certain contexts, as old as the war itself and used by both parties on the right and left as by nationalist movements, religious communities or ethnic groups, hence several researchers have no qualms to carry out a study of this phenomenon in Antiquity. The absence of the term “terrorism” in the ancient world should not be an obstacle to its investigation, but it is assumed that the late appearance of the term in the political vocabulary of the eighteenth century and the various forms assumed by the phenomenon led to an erroneous understanding of its causes, tactics and goals. Only through a careful analysis of the historical trajectory of terrorism we can establish a connection between Antiquity and Modernity, with some continuity in some of the most outstanding philosophical-political ideas and theories that served as inspiration for the justification of several events qualifying as terrorists...
When we launch in the study of terrorism to discover its possible location in the ancient world, it is imperative to remember that this phenomenon is characterized by the production of violent acts that affect both property and people and whose main function is to intimidate and terrorize a certain group. The perpetrators of these violent acts, understood as the persons who have devised the attack, are never allowed for personal reasons, but share a collective thought and a common objetive, a goal that is at all times of a political nature, with an important social, symbolic or economic relevance, and is therefore the true essence and reason of the attack or the opposition group that leads it, hence they are considered illegal by the authoriry, but without the necessary reflection that a “terrorist” attack can be exercised by the same authority. Given the significant effects of an attack, it is assumed that under no circumstances should be considered as an irrational action, because behind there is a careful strategy based on the psychological effect of terror on the individual or the public in general, a terror that causes confusion, misinterpretation, paralysis... making terrorist action an excellent tool of communication and control, and therefore, terrorism is understood as a tactic of a political nature used in certain contexts, as old as the war itself and used by both parties on the right and left as by nationalist movements, religious communities or ethnic groups, hence several researchers have no qualms to carry out a study of this phenomenon in Antiquity. The absence of the term “terrorism” in the ancient world should not be an obstacle to its investigation, but it is assumed that the late appearance of the term in the political vocabulary of the eighteenth century and the various forms assumed by the phenomenon led to an erroneous understanding of its causes, tactics and goals. Only through a careful analysis of the historical trajectory of terrorism we can establish a connection between Antiquity and Modernity, with some continuity in some of the most outstanding philosophical-political ideas and theories that served as inspiration for the justification of several events qualifying as terrorists...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia Antigua, leída el 27-09-2017