Publication: Sistemática de la familia Blechnaceae (Polypodiopsida): filogenia de Lomaridium y Parablechnum p.p. y aspectos evolutivos de las pinnas fértiles
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2018-09-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La familia Blechnaceae es una familia de helechos leptosporangiados (Orden Polypodiales) de tamaño medio, que presenta 24 géneros y alrededor de 250 especies en su concepción actual. Tiene una distribución subcosmopolita, con la mayor parte de su diversidad alojada en el hemisferio austral. Con el objetivo de cubrir algunas lagunas en el conocimiento de la familia, en este trabajo se estudian tres aspectos desconocidos de la sistemática de ésta: 1) Las relaciones filogenéticas y biogeográficas del género Lomaridium; 2) la relación de los integrantes del complejo Parablechnum cordatum; 3) la diversidad y evolución de los caracteres anatómicos de las pinnas fértiles de las Blechnaceae en su conjunto. Para ello se extrajo el ADN genómico y posteriormente se amplificaron con la técnica de PCR las regiones cloroplásticas rbcL, trnL-trnFy rps4-trnS para los géneros Lomaridium y Parablechnum; se generaron dos bases de datos, una para cada género, y se alinearon las secuencias usando el programa Geneious, para su posterior análisis filogenético con las técnicas de inferencia bayesiana y máxima verosimilitud usando los programas MEGA y MrBayes. Para el estudio biogeográfico del género Lomaridium se realizaron análisis de datación molecular utilizando el software BEAST, a continuación con el programa TreeAnotator se generó un cronograma de alta credibilidad para usar en los análisis de estimación de la distribución ancestral y posteriormente se estimaron y compararon las distribuciones ancestrales bajo diversos modelos usando el software BioGeoBEARS. Para el estudio evolutivo de las pinnas fértiles se obtuvieron en primer lugar los datos anatómicos de trece especies no estudiadas hasta el momento, 12 Blechnaceae y una Onocleaceae, como grupo externo...
The Blechnaceae is a medium-size leptosporangiate fern family (Order Polypodiales), with 24 genera and around 250 species in its current conception. This family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, but with most of the diversity concentrated in the austral hemisphere. With the objective of cover some gaps in the knowledge of the family, three unknown aspects of its systematics are studied in this work: 1) The phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships in the genus Lomaridium; 2) the relationship within the members of the Parablechnum cordatum complex; 3) the diversity and evolution of the anatomical characters of the fertile pinnae of the Blechnaceae. Genomic DNA was extracted and the chloroplastic regions rbcL, trnL-trnF and rps4-trnS were amplified with the PCR technique for the genera Lomaridium and Parablechnum; two databases were generated, one for each genus, and the sequences were aligned using the software Geneious, after that, they were phylogenetically analyzed with bayesian inference and maximum likelihood with the software MEGA and MrBayes, respectively. For the biogeographic study of the Lomaridium genus molecular dating analyses were conducted using BEAST, and TreeAnnotator was used to generate a maximum clade credibility chronogram for use in ancestral range estimation analyses. Finally BioGeoBEARS was used to estimate and compare ancestral ranges under several models. To perform the evolutive study of the fertile pinnae, first the anatomical data of thirteen species were obtained, 12 Blechnaceae and one Onocleaceae, as outgroup...
The Blechnaceae is a medium-size leptosporangiate fern family (Order Polypodiales), with 24 genera and around 250 species in its current conception. This family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, but with most of the diversity concentrated in the austral hemisphere. With the objective of cover some gaps in the knowledge of the family, three unknown aspects of its systematics are studied in this work: 1) The phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships in the genus Lomaridium; 2) the relationship within the members of the Parablechnum cordatum complex; 3) the diversity and evolution of the anatomical characters of the fertile pinnae of the Blechnaceae. Genomic DNA was extracted and the chloroplastic regions rbcL, trnL-trnF and rps4-trnS were amplified with the PCR technique for the genera Lomaridium and Parablechnum; two databases were generated, one for each genus, and the sequences were aligned using the software Geneious, after that, they were phylogenetically analyzed with bayesian inference and maximum likelihood with the software MEGA and MrBayes, respectively. For the biogeographic study of the Lomaridium genus molecular dating analyses were conducted using BEAST, and TreeAnnotator was used to generate a maximum clade credibility chronogram for use in ancestral range estimation analyses. Finally BioGeoBEARS was used to estimate and compare ancestral ranges under several models. To perform the evolutive study of the fertile pinnae, first the anatomical data of thirteen species were obtained, 12 Blechnaceae and one Onocleaceae, as outgroup...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, leída el 29 de Julio de 2017