Publication: Aplicación de técnicas moleculares en biología evolutiva: los peces continentales de Europa y México como caso de estudio
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2018-09-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los ecosistemas dulceacuícolas mantienen alrededor del 12% de la fauna animal del planeta. El estudio de las relaciones filogenéticas, a través de marcadores moleculares, de las especies permite inferir los procesos históricos, tanto geológicos como climáticos, y sus efectos en la biodiversidad. Por tanto, los estudios en biología evolutiva proveen información esencial para comprender los cambios pasados y futuros en la ictiofauna continental y sus hábitats. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo general el aplicar técnicas moleculares para responder a diversas preguntas en biología evolutiva de peces continentales. Concretamente: a) la descripción de la historia evolutiva de tres complejos de especies de peces continentales de México y la Península Ibérica; b) un estudio macroevolutivo sobre la evolución del viviparismo en el orden Cyprinodontiformes y los cambios estructurales y funcionales asociados al origen de esta novedad evolutiva; c) aportar nuevos criterios para la selección de marcadores mitocondriales para futuros estudios filogenéticos y d) describir nuevos genomas mitocondriales. Esta tesis comprende un conjunto de estudios realizados entre Octubre de 2013 y Marzo del 2017. Tres complejos de especies fueron estudiados que presentan peculiaridades evolutivas, estrechas relaciones filogenéticas y taxonomía incierta. De México, se estudió el complejo de especies vivíparas Allotoca diazi, y el complejo de especies tetraploides Catostomus plebeius-nebuliferus. De la Península Ibérica, el nuevo complejo de origen hibridogenético Squalius sp. Para ello se utilizaron distintos marcadores moleculares tanto mitocondriales como nucleares, desde genes que pueden resolver relaciones interespecíficas, hasta regiones hipervariables como microsatélites que puedes dar información a nivel de poblaciones e inclusive de individuos. La información genética se integró con herramientas analíticas para describir patrones demográficos, de diversidad genética, estimar tiempos de divergencia, reconstruir áreas ancestrales, y modelizar el nicho ecológico. Finalmente, se aportaron criterios para la conservación para cada uno de los complejos de especies estudiados...
Freshwater ecosystems maintain about 12% of the animal fauna of the planet. The study of phylogenetic relationships through molecular markers of the species allows inferring historical processes, both geological and climatic, and their effects on biodiversity. Therefore, studies in evolutionary biology provide essential information for the understanding of current and future changes in the continental ichthyofauna and their habitats. Therefore, this doctoral thesis has as general objective to apply molecular techniques to solve questions in evolutionary biology in fish. Specifically the description of the evolutionary history of three complexes of continental fish species in Mexico and the Iberian Peninsula, as well as a macroevolutionary study on the evolution of viviparism in the order Cyprinodontiformes and the structural and functional changes associated to the origin of this evolutionary novelty, to provide new criteria for the selection of mitochondrial markers for future phylogenetic studies, and to describe mitochondrial genomes. This thesis includes a set of studies conducted during October 2013 to March 2017. Three species complexes were studied that show evolutionary peculiarities and close phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic controversies. From Mexico, the complex of viviparous species Allotoca diazi, and the complex of tetraploid species Catostomus plebeius-nebuliferus. From the Iberian peninsula, the new complex of hybridogenic origin Squalius sp. For this studies, different molecular markers were used both mitochondrial and nuclear, from genes that are considered to be able to solve interspecific relations, to hypervariable regions such as microsatellites that can give information at the level of populations and even individuals. Genetic information was integrated with analytical tools to describe demographic patterns, genetic diversity, time divergence estimation, ancestral area reconstruction, and ecological niche modeling. Finally, conservation criteria were provided for each of the species complexes studied...
Freshwater ecosystems maintain about 12% of the animal fauna of the planet. The study of phylogenetic relationships through molecular markers of the species allows inferring historical processes, both geological and climatic, and their effects on biodiversity. Therefore, studies in evolutionary biology provide essential information for the understanding of current and future changes in the continental ichthyofauna and their habitats. Therefore, this doctoral thesis has as general objective to apply molecular techniques to solve questions in evolutionary biology in fish. Specifically the description of the evolutionary history of three complexes of continental fish species in Mexico and the Iberian Peninsula, as well as a macroevolutionary study on the evolution of viviparism in the order Cyprinodontiformes and the structural and functional changes associated to the origin of this evolutionary novelty, to provide new criteria for the selection of mitochondrial markers for future phylogenetic studies, and to describe mitochondrial genomes. This thesis includes a set of studies conducted during October 2013 to March 2017. Three species complexes were studied that show evolutionary peculiarities and close phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic controversies. From Mexico, the complex of viviparous species Allotoca diazi, and the complex of tetraploid species Catostomus plebeius-nebuliferus. From the Iberian peninsula, the new complex of hybridogenic origin Squalius sp. For this studies, different molecular markers were used both mitochondrial and nuclear, from genes that are considered to be able to solve interspecific relations, to hypervariable regions such as microsatellites that can give information at the level of populations and even individuals. Genetic information was integrated with analytical tools to describe demographic patterns, genetic diversity, time divergence estimation, ancestral area reconstruction, and ecological niche modeling. Finally, conservation criteria were provided for each of the species complexes studied...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 13-06-2017