Publication: Estudios preliminares mediante digitalización 3d para la diagnosis y reconstrucción de pérdidas volumétricas de un modelo anatómico en cera del museo veterinario complutense
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2017-11-14
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Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como finalidad la utilización de las tecnologías digitales con el fin de facilitar la diagnosis del estado de conservación y la reconstrucción de un modelo anatómico de cera del siglo XIX perteneciente al Museo Veterinario de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se seleccionó una escultura de tamaño natural que representa los planos musculares superficiales de la especie Equus africanus asinus. Esta obra fue gravemente mutilada hace años, habiendo desaparecido la cabeza y la tráquea, presentando además importantes daños que afectaban tanto a la estabilidad del conjunto como a la apreciación anatómica del modelo. La complejidad del caso de estudio hacía necesaria para su reconstrucción la realización previa de un análisis exhaustivo del modelo original y de una reproducción exacta del mismo para asegurar el perfecto ajuste de las piezas reconstruidas. No obstante, la fragilidad del material constructivo hacía poco recomendable la aplicación sobre éste de sustancias químicas para la obtención de moldes. Por ese motivo, se optó por la digitalización 3D del modelo mediante fotogrametría para conservar un registro gráfico volumétrico de su aspecto previo a su reconstrucción y crear a partir de ella una cartografía de daños tridimensional mediante el programa de escultura digital ZBrush. Finalmente se procedió a la reconstrucción virtual de la cabeza mediante este mismo programa. Resultados: Se obtuvo una copia digital de la obra que registró con precisión todas las erosiones y grietas visibles y se generó una completa cartografía de daños digital 3D. Finalmente se logró la reconstrucción virtual completa de las estructuras dañadas. Conclusiones: El uso combinado de digitalización 3D y escultura digital facilita el proceso de diagnosis y reconstrucción de modelos anatómicos de cera. Investigación financiada dentro del Proyecto I+D Ref.: HAR2013-42460-P y del Proyecto Santander-UCM Ref.: PR26/16-20322
Objective: The aim of this study is to use digital technologies to facilitate the diagnosis of the state of conservation and the reconstruction of a 19th century anatomical wax model belonging to the Veterinary Museum of the Complutense University of Madrid. A life-size sculpture representing the superficial muscular planes of the species Equus africanus asinus was selected. This work was seriously mutilated years ago, having disappeared the head and the trachea, also presenting significant damage that affected both the stability of the whole and the anatomical appreciation of the model. The complexity of the case study made it necessary for its reconstruction to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the original model and an exact reproduction of it to ensure the perfect fit of the reconstructed pieces. However, the fragility of the construction material made it inadvisable to apply chemical substances to it in order to obtain moulds. For this reason, 3D digitalization of the model by photogrammetry was chosen in order to keep a volumetric graphic record of its appearance prior to its reconstruction and to create from it a three-dimensional damage cartography using the ZBrush digital sculpture program. Finally, the virtual reconstruction of the head was carried out using the same program. Results: A digital copy of the work was obtained which accurately recorded all visible erosions and cracks and generated a complete 3D digital damage mapping. Finally, a complete virtual reconstruction of the damaged structures was achieved. Conclusions: The combined use of 3D digitalization and digital sculpture facilitates the process of diagnosis and reconstruction of anatomical wax models. Research funded within the R&D Project Ref: HAR2013-42460-P and the Santander-UCM Project Ref: PR26/16-20322
Objective: The aim of this study is to use digital technologies to facilitate the diagnosis of the state of conservation and the reconstruction of a 19th century anatomical wax model belonging to the Veterinary Museum of the Complutense University of Madrid. A life-size sculpture representing the superficial muscular planes of the species Equus africanus asinus was selected. This work was seriously mutilated years ago, having disappeared the head and the trachea, also presenting significant damage that affected both the stability of the whole and the anatomical appreciation of the model. The complexity of the case study made it necessary for its reconstruction to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the original model and an exact reproduction of it to ensure the perfect fit of the reconstructed pieces. However, the fragility of the construction material made it inadvisable to apply chemical substances to it in order to obtain moulds. For this reason, 3D digitalization of the model by photogrammetry was chosen in order to keep a volumetric graphic record of its appearance prior to its reconstruction and to create from it a three-dimensional damage cartography using the ZBrush digital sculpture program. Finally, the virtual reconstruction of the head was carried out using the same program. Results: A digital copy of the work was obtained which accurately recorded all visible erosions and cracks and generated a complete 3D digital damage mapping. Finally, a complete virtual reconstruction of the damaged structures was achieved. Conclusions: The combined use of 3D digitalization and digital sculpture facilitates the process of diagnosis and reconstruction of anatomical wax models. Research funded within the R&D Project Ref: HAR2013-42460-P and the Santander-UCM Project Ref: PR26/16-20322
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