Publication: Alianzas resilientes: movimiento cooperativo portugués en la transición a los tiempos modernos (1867-1933)
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2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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Este artículo analiza la emergencia del movimiento cooperativo en Portugal a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, enfocando el legado premoderno revelado en el origen social de sus promotores, así como en los valores morales y objetivos propuestos. Se basa en una revisión exhaustiva de los actos y estatutos fundacionales de las sociedades cooperativas y en la comparación entre estos últimos y las normas escritas de las instituciones premodernas para la acción colectiva: los regimientos de los gremios de oficios y las posturas municipales de las comunidades rurales. Los datos disponibles permiten sostener que las primeras cooperativas, después de las sociedades de ayuda mutua, fueron creadas principalmente por la comunidad artesanal, que utilizaba la cooperación para asegurar la continuidad de las antiguas prácticas. Las funciones cumplidas por los gremios artesanales, las hermandades, los comunes y otras instituciones premodernas fueron superadas por sus contrapartes modernas en un proceso de ajuste institucional al nuevo marco político y legal. De esta manera, se argumenta que, a pesar de la naturaleza diferente del movimiento de asociaciones voluntarias decimonónicas, la resiliencia del autogobierno, la mutualidad y el control social tiene que estar relacionada con la previa acción colectiva corporativa multisecular.
This article analyses the cooperative movement emergency in Portugal on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing the pre-modern legacy revealed in their promoters’ social origin, as well as in the moral values and purposed objectives. It is based on a comprehensive review of cooperative societies’ foundation acts and statutes and in the comparison between these latter with the pre-modern institutions for collective action written norms – the craft guilds regimentos (regulations) and the rural communities posturas (municipal ordinances). The available data allows one to sustain that the earliest cooperatives, following mutual-aid societies, were mainly created by the craft community, which was making use of cooperation to assure the continuity of ancient practices. The functions fulfilled by the craft guilds, the brotherhoods, the commons and other pre-modern institutions were overtooked by their modern counterparts in a process of institutional adjustment to the new political and legal framework. In this way, is argued that, despite the different nature of nineteen century voluntary associations movement, the resilience of self-governance, mutuality and social control has to be related to the previous centuries of corporate collective action.
This article analyses the cooperative movement emergency in Portugal on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing the pre-modern legacy revealed in their promoters’ social origin, as well as in the moral values and purposed objectives. It is based on a comprehensive review of cooperative societies’ foundation acts and statutes and in the comparison between these latter with the pre-modern institutions for collective action written norms – the craft guilds regimentos (regulations) and the rural communities posturas (municipal ordinances). The available data allows one to sustain that the earliest cooperatives, following mutual-aid societies, were mainly created by the craft community, which was making use of cooperation to assure the continuity of ancient practices. The functions fulfilled by the craft guilds, the brotherhoods, the commons and other pre-modern institutions were overtooked by their modern counterparts in a process of institutional adjustment to the new political and legal framework. In this way, is argued that, despite the different nature of nineteen century voluntary associations movement, the resilience of self-governance, mutuality and social control has to be related to the previous centuries of corporate collective action.
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