Publication: Inercias de financiación en el sector de la cooperación al desarrollo
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2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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Este trabajo analiza la evolución de las fuentes de financiación de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales para el Desarrollo (ONGD) españolas durante el periodo 2006-2012. Para ello, estudiamos la estructura de ingresos del sector en su conjunto y de las entidades a nivel individual, constatando la importancia de la financiación pública (la denominada Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo) sobre el conjunto de ingresos de tales organizaciones y la drástica reducción que dicho tipo de financiación experimentó entre 2010 y 2012. Profundizando en el análisis, llevamos a cabo un análisis clúster en el que estudiamos 499 observaciones anuales pertenecientes a 90 ONGD miembros de la Coordinadora de ONGD de España. Gracias a este análisis encontramos la existencia de cuatro patrones de financiación en función de la mayor o menor importancia que tengan las distintas fuentes de ingresos en las estructuras de las organizaciones (uno en el que dominan los ingresos privados, dos en lo que lo hacen los públicos, y otro en el que ingresos públicos y privados tienen similar importancia). Los resultados del análisis clúster también muestran cómo la mayor parte de las entidades (59 de las 90 ONGD de la muestra) se han mantenido impasibles ante los cambios acaecidos en su entorno, conservando una estructura de financiación dominada por fondos públicos. De esta manera, contrariamente a lo que cabría esperar, son pocas las organizaciones a las que tal disminución de financiación pública les ha llevado a buscar nuevas fuentes de ingresos. Así, pese a la variación del entorno, la inercia de la organización en su estructura de financiación dificulta o ralentiza su adaptación al cambio. Ello ha podido conducir a las organizaciones hacia una importante
contracción de sus ingresos o, en algún caso de inadaptación financiera, a la desaparición de las mismas.
This study analyzes the evolution of the funding sources of the Spanish Non-Governmental Organizations for Development (NGDOs) during the 2006-2012 period. To do this, we study the revenue structure of the sector as a whole and of the entities at the individual level, showing the importance that the public funding (the so-called Official Development Assistance) has on the income statement of such organizations and the sharp reduction that this type of funding experienced between 2010 and 2012. We go deeper into the analysis by carrying out a cluster analysis in which we study 499 annual observations belonging to 90 NGDOs members of the Spanish Platform of NGDOs (CONGDE). We find the existence of four funding patterns depending on the greater or lesser importance of the different sources of revenues in the structures of the organizations (one in which private funds are dominant, two in which the public ones are in the majority, and another in which public and private funding have similar importance). The results of the cluster analysis also show how most of the entities (59 of the 90 NGDOs in the sample) have remained impassive in spite of the changes in their environment, preserving a funding structure dominated by public funds. In this way, contrary to expectations, there are few organizations to which such reduction in public funding has led them to seek new sources of revenues. Thus, despite the variation of the environment, the inertia of the organization in its funding structure hinders or slows down its adaptation to change. This inertia has led organizations to a significant decline in revenues or, in some cases of financial maladjustment, to their disappearance.
This study analyzes the evolution of the funding sources of the Spanish Non-Governmental Organizations for Development (NGDOs) during the 2006-2012 period. To do this, we study the revenue structure of the sector as a whole and of the entities at the individual level, showing the importance that the public funding (the so-called Official Development Assistance) has on the income statement of such organizations and the sharp reduction that this type of funding experienced between 2010 and 2012. We go deeper into the analysis by carrying out a cluster analysis in which we study 499 annual observations belonging to 90 NGDOs members of the Spanish Platform of NGDOs (CONGDE). We find the existence of four funding patterns depending on the greater or lesser importance of the different sources of revenues in the structures of the organizations (one in which private funds are dominant, two in which the public ones are in the majority, and another in which public and private funding have similar importance). The results of the cluster analysis also show how most of the entities (59 of the 90 NGDOs in the sample) have remained impassive in spite of the changes in their environment, preserving a funding structure dominated by public funds. In this way, contrary to expectations, there are few organizations to which such reduction in public funding has led them to seek new sources of revenues. Thus, despite the variation of the environment, the inertia of the organization in its funding structure hinders or slows down its adaptation to change. This inertia has led organizations to a significant decline in revenues or, in some cases of financial maladjustment, to their disappearance.
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