Publication: ¿Cómo de eficientes y productivas son las cooperativas en Indonesia? Evidencia empírica del análisis envolvente de datos
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2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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El artículo 33 de la Constitución de Indonesia de 1945 posicionó a la cooperativa como un pilar y columna vertebral de la economía nacional. Para funcionar de manera óptima como el pilar y la columna vertebral de la economía, las cooperativas deben ser administradas de manera eficiente y productiva. Teniendo en cuenta su papel fundamental en la economía de Indonesia, este estudio tiene como objetivo medir empíricamente la eficiencia y la productividad de las cooperativas en 33 provincias de todo el país. Se analizan tres entradas (es decir, capital propio, financiamiento externo y tamaño de la junta) y una salida (superávit cooperativo) durante el período 2010-2015 utilizando el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (AED) con el Índice Malmquist. El estudio documentó que las cooperativas eran altamente ineficientes, indicadas por el nivel promedio de ineficiencia del 47.6%. De las 33 provincias, el 42.42% registra un nivel de eficiencia de menos del 50% y solo el 12.12% de ellas era completamente eficiente. Además, el estudio también documentó que, de 33 provincias, solo las cooperativas en 14 provincias experimentaron un aumento en la productividad total de sus factores. Las cooperativas en la provincia de Nusa Tenggara Oriental registraron el mayor progreso de productividad en un 49.9%, mientras que la Cooperativa en la provincia de Bangka Belitung registró el mayor retroceso de productividad en un -24.4%. En general, el nivel de productividad de las cooperativas aumentó solo ligeramente en un 9,9% durante el período de estudio en todo el país, lo que se debe principalmente a un aumento en la eficiencia técnica. Estos hallazgos implicaron que para mejorar aún más el nivel de productividad de las cooperativas, se debe priorizar la mejora de su eficiencia pura, seguido por la mejora de la eficiencia de escala y la eficiencia técnica. Las cooperativas deben proporcionar capacitación periódica para su personal, administración profesional, adoptar tecnología avanzada y ampliar su tamaño fusionando pequeñas cooperativas para convertirse en una entidad más grande.
Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia positioned co-operative as a pillar and backbone of the national economy. To optimally function as the pillar and backbone of the economy, the co-operatives should be managed efficiently and productively. Considering their pivotal roles in the Indonesian economy, this study is aimed at empirically measuring efficiency and productivity of the co-operatives across 33 provinces nationwide. Three inputs (i.e., own capital, external financing, and board size) and one output (co-operative surplus) over the period 2010-2015 are analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Malmquist Index. The study documented that the cooperatives were highly inefficient, indicated by the average level of inefficiency of 47.6%. Out of the co-operatives in 33 provinces, 42.42% were found to record efficiency level of less than 50% and only 12.12% of them were fully efficient. In addition, the study also documented that, of 33 provinces, only the co-operatives in 14 provinces were found to experience an increase in their total factor productivity. The co-operatives in the province of East Nusa Tenggara recorded the highest productivity progress by 49.9%, while the co-operative in the province of Bangka Belitung recorded the highest productivity regress by -24.4%. Overall, the productivity level of the co-operatives only slightly increased by 9.9% over the study period nationwide, which was mainly contributed by an increase in technical efficiency. These findings implied that to further enhance the productivity level of the co-operatives, improving their pure efficiency should be prioritized, followed by enhancing their scale efficiency and technical efficiency. The co-operatives should provide regular training for their staff, professional management, adopt advanced technology, and enlarge their size by merging small co-operatives become a larger entity.
Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia positioned co-operative as a pillar and backbone of the national economy. To optimally function as the pillar and backbone of the economy, the co-operatives should be managed efficiently and productively. Considering their pivotal roles in the Indonesian economy, this study is aimed at empirically measuring efficiency and productivity of the co-operatives across 33 provinces nationwide. Three inputs (i.e., own capital, external financing, and board size) and one output (co-operative surplus) over the period 2010-2015 are analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Malmquist Index. The study documented that the cooperatives were highly inefficient, indicated by the average level of inefficiency of 47.6%. Out of the co-operatives in 33 provinces, 42.42% were found to record efficiency level of less than 50% and only 12.12% of them were fully efficient. In addition, the study also documented that, of 33 provinces, only the co-operatives in 14 provinces were found to experience an increase in their total factor productivity. The co-operatives in the province of East Nusa Tenggara recorded the highest productivity progress by 49.9%, while the co-operative in the province of Bangka Belitung recorded the highest productivity regress by -24.4%. Overall, the productivity level of the co-operatives only slightly increased by 9.9% over the study period nationwide, which was mainly contributed by an increase in technical efficiency. These findings implied that to further enhance the productivity level of the co-operatives, improving their pure efficiency should be prioritized, followed by enhancing their scale efficiency and technical efficiency. The co-operatives should provide regular training for their staff, professional management, adopt advanced technology, and enlarge their size by merging small co-operatives become a larger entity.
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