Publication:
Análisis de la sonrisa y su relación con el esmalte dentario en una muestra de niños y adolescentes de Madrid

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2018
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Introducción: La sonrisa es una expresión facial compleja determinada por elementos anatómicos, psicológicos y sociales a los que está expuesto cada individuo. Se ha demostrado que las patologías bucales afectan el modo en que los individuos sonríen. Sin embargo, los estudios que analizan la relación de las maloclusiones y las características de la sonrisa en niños y adolescentes son escasos y consideran pocos elementos de esta. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del resalte en las características de la sonrisa en una muestra de niños y adolescentes españoles de ambos sexos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal retrospectivo en una muestra de fotografías (n=44) de individuos que iban a comenzar un tratamiento ortodóncico en una consulta privada de Madrid. Fueron clasificadas en dos grupos de acuerdo con el resalte dentario (Grupo 1: 0 – 5 mm, Grupo 2: > 5 mm), y se midieron parámetros relacionados con la amplitud de la sonrisa, la relación dentolabial y la simetría de la sonrisa. Se realizó un análisis de la covarianza, varianza y coeficiente de correlación para estudiar el comportamiento de los parámetros de la sonrisa. Resultados: La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos (n=22). De la muestra total, el 59,1% fueron sujetos del sexo femenino y 40,9% del sexo masculino; la edad media fue de 12,69 (DE±1,52) años, con un rango desde 9,67 años a 15,92 años. No se observaron diferencias significativas al comparar los parámetros relacionados con la amplitud de la sonrisa. Se observó un predominio de la relación dentolabial sin contacto (grupo I: 68,20% l y grupo II: 63,60%) y un arco de sonrisa consonante (grupo I: 100% l y grupo II: 95,50%). Por último, se observó un aumento directamente proporcional del radio del corredor bucal derecho con respecto a la edad de los individuos (r=0,392); y diferencias significativas (p=0,018) entre los radios de los corredores bucales, con relación a la línea media superior. Conclusiones: Los niños y adolescentes españoles de ambos sexos que formaron parte de la muestra no mostraron características distintas en presencia de un mayor o menor resalte dental. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar nuevos estudios con un diseño que permita establecer conclusiones más definitivas sobre este tema, que incluyan pacientes con características oclusales más específicas; y que a su vez consideren y evalúen aspectos psicológicos.
Introduction: The smile is a complex facial expression determined by the individual exposition to anatomical, psychological and social elements. It has been shown that oral pathologies affect the way in which individuals smile. However, studies that analyze the relationship of malocclusions and the characteristics of smile in children and adolescents are scarce and they consider few elements of it. Objective: To determine the influence of the overjet on the characteristics of the smile in a sample of male and female Spanish children and adolescents. Methodology: A retrospective crosssectional study was carried out in a sample of photographs (n=44) of orthodontics patients from a private practice in Madrid, classified in two groups according to the dental overjet (Group 1: 0 - 5 mm, Group 2:> 5 mm), where parameters related to the amplitude of the smile, the dentolabial relation and the symmetry of the smile were measured. Covariance analysis, variance and correlation coefficient were used to study the behavior of the parameters of the smile. Results: The sample was divided into two groups (n = 22). Of the total sample, 59.1% were female and 40.9% were male. The mean age was 12.69 (DE ± 1.52) years, ranging from 9.67 years to 15.92 years. No significant differences were found when comparing the parameters related to the amplitude of the smile. There was a predominance of the contactless dentolabial relationship (group I: 68.20% l and group II: 63.60%) and a consonant smile arch (group I: 100% l and group II: 95.50%). Finally, a directly proportional increase of the right buccal corridor ratio was observed regarding to the age of the patients (r = 0.392); and significant differences (p = 0.018) between the buccal corridor ratios of both sides were found, regarding to the upper midline. Conclusions: Spanish children and adolescents of both sexes that were part of the study did not show different characteristics in the presence of a greater or lesser dental overjet. However, it is necessary to carry out new studies that include patients with more specific occlusal characteristics whilst considering and evaluating psychological aspects of this condition, as well as a design which will allow us to stablish more definitive conclusions on this subject.
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