Publication: Los Hermanos Musulmanes en el escenario Pos-Primavera Árabe: recomposición de alianzas y estrategias de supervivencia
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2018
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los Hermanos Musulmanes, que cumplen 90 años en 2018, han vivido ya otros periodos de ilegalización, represión y exilio (años 50-60 en Egipto; años 60 y 70 y el periodo pos-1982 en Siria). Sin embargo, lo singular de los sucesos actuales es que se producen en un momento de gran convulsión y agitación geoestratégica, en un escenario pos-Primavera Árabe caracterizado por el estallido de conflictos armados y bloqueos económicos en la región, así como por una regresión autoritaria palpable no solo en Egipto, Turquía o Israel, sino también fuera de la región. Las guerras y bloqueos están generando alianzas contranatura y contradicciones ideológicas que repercuten sobre el campo islamista. Un campo revuelto por cambios que afectan a fuerzas suníes y chiíes, pacíficas y violentas, así como a sus relaciones recíprocas. Este artículo pretende aportar luz sobre las nuevas estrategias y alianzas de supervivencia que están desplegando los Hermanos Musulmanes, tanto en Oriente Medio como en Occidente para escapar, tanto a la tenaza ejercida por un grupo de Estados cada vez más numeroso (Egipto, Arabia Saudí y los Emiratos, entre ellos), como al peligro de radicalización y absorción de sus miembros que presenta el salafismo yihadista. Utilizamos para ello una descripción densa e informada para analizar los cambios en el posicionamiento ideológico y las decisiones estratégicas de los Hermanos Musulmanes.
The Muslim Brotherhood, already 90 years old in 2018, have already experienced other periods of repression, illegalization and exile (in the 50-60s in Egypt as well as in the 60-70s in Syria). However, what is particular to the current wave of repression and persecution is the context of great convulsion and geostrategic maneuvering, marked by the outbreak of several armed conflicts in the Middle East and a visible authoritarian regression, not only throughout the region but also in Europe, Israel and America. These wars and blockades are creating counter-intuitive alliances and ideological contradictions, which in turn have an impact on the Islamist camp. They affect both Sunni and Chia, peaceful and violent Islamist groups, as well as and their respective interactions. This article intends to shed light on the new strategies the Muslim Brotherhood is adopting, not only in the Middle East but also in the West, in order to escape from the pressure exerted by an increasingly large group of countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates among them) as well as the dilemma their members face of radicalization and absorption into Yihadist Salafism. We use as methodological tool a dense description of events to analyze the changes in the Muslim Brotherhood’s ideological orientations and strategic choices.
The Muslim Brotherhood, already 90 years old in 2018, have already experienced other periods of repression, illegalization and exile (in the 50-60s in Egypt as well as in the 60-70s in Syria). However, what is particular to the current wave of repression and persecution is the context of great convulsion and geostrategic maneuvering, marked by the outbreak of several armed conflicts in the Middle East and a visible authoritarian regression, not only throughout the region but also in Europe, Israel and America. These wars and blockades are creating counter-intuitive alliances and ideological contradictions, which in turn have an impact on the Islamist camp. They affect both Sunni and Chia, peaceful and violent Islamist groups, as well as and their respective interactions. This article intends to shed light on the new strategies the Muslim Brotherhood is adopting, not only in the Middle East but also in the West, in order to escape from the pressure exerted by an increasingly large group of countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates among them) as well as the dilemma their members face of radicalization and absorption into Yihadist Salafism. We use as methodological tool a dense description of events to analyze the changes in the Muslim Brotherhood’s ideological orientations and strategic choices.