Publication: Significados del cambio político en Argelia (1988-1992)
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2005
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Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (AECID)
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Abstract
La llamada “primavera argelina” fue el período más destacado de la Argelia independiente. No sólo marcó el final de una era sino que precipitó un conflicto civil. Su desarrollo ha influido mucho en otros países árabes. A pesar de ello, el período sigue ocultándonos algunos interrogantes fundamentales, los cuales pesan sobre el significado de los cambios acaecidos. El texto se adentra en la explicación de un proceso plagado de intrigas, cálculos y errores sorprendentes. Tras una introducción, describimos en detalle el último de los episodios del proceso (véase la cronología). Concluimos con tres tipos de hallazgos: 1) la importancia del gobierno Hamruch en la democratización y por ende de los factores internacionales, 2) el error manifiesto (aunque no intencionado) de las elecciones de 1991 y 3) la escalada de actos, no la erupción inmediata, que produjo la violencia. Se afirma de manera general que la transición argelina fue una transición discordante tanto por sus contradicciones internas, como por no ajustarse a modelo teórico alguno como por separarse de las expectativas occidentales.
The so called “Algerian spring” was the most remarkable period in post-colonial Algerian history. It did not only signaled the end of an era but also sparked the latest civil conflict. Its evolution and outocomes have exerted much influence on other Arab countries. Despite that, this period keeps hiding us some fundamental answers, which weigh considerably over the meaning of the changes that took place. The following text extracted from my PhD dissertation is a step into a process full of intrigues, calculations and striking mistakes. After the introduction follows a detailed description of the closing episode of this democratization experience (see the Chronology at the end). We conclude by asserting three different findings: 1) the importance of Hamruch’s government on the democratization and linked to it of international factors (economic and geopolitical); 2) the manifest though unintentional mistake commited on the 1991 legislative elections; and 3) the spiral of violent acts, not the inmediate eruption, that led to civil strife. We affirm on a general basis that the Algerian transition was a discordant transition and this was so because of its internal contradictions, its unfitness to any theoretical model and its deviation from all Western expectations.
The so called “Algerian spring” was the most remarkable period in post-colonial Algerian history. It did not only signaled the end of an era but also sparked the latest civil conflict. Its evolution and outocomes have exerted much influence on other Arab countries. Despite that, this period keeps hiding us some fundamental answers, which weigh considerably over the meaning of the changes that took place. The following text extracted from my PhD dissertation is a step into a process full of intrigues, calculations and striking mistakes. After the introduction follows a detailed description of the closing episode of this democratization experience (see the Chronology at the end). We conclude by asserting three different findings: 1) the importance of Hamruch’s government on the democratization and linked to it of international factors (economic and geopolitical); 2) the manifest though unintentional mistake commited on the 1991 legislative elections; and 3) the spiral of violent acts, not the inmediate eruption, that led to civil strife. We affirm on a general basis that the Algerian transition was a discordant transition and this was so because of its internal contradictions, its unfitness to any theoretical model and its deviation from all Western expectations.