Publication: Tendencias y límites del cambio en los sistemas políticos del Magreb: los años noventa en retrospectiva
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2005
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Abstract
El final de la década de 1980 y parte de la de 1990 fueron para el Magreb una época de crisis sistémicas seguidas de aperturas y cambios políticos. La mayoría de los mismos tuvo como trasfondo una crisis económica y se produjo en un clima de liberalización económica. Sin embargo, los factores económicos no explican ni el momento preciso ni el cariz de las aperturas. Para ello, hay que recurrir a factores políticos internos e internacionales. En concreto, fueron las recurrentes crisis de coacción y de ejecución unidas a un fuerte déficit de legitimidad las que desencadenaron los procesos de liberalización y democratización. En varios casos, los actores internacionales ejercieron una presión decisiva. Dichos procesos de cambio pecaron de unilateralidad al no ser negociados ni derivados de demandas populares y de parcialidad, ya que sólo afectaron a algunas de las funciones políticas. La incongruencia generada por ambas características condujo a la paralización de las transformaciones y se impuso como límite al cambio fundamental de los regímenes.
The end of the 1980s and part of the 1990s was for the Maghreb a period of systemic crisis followed by political openings and transformations. Most of them had an economic background and took place in an atmosphere of economic liberalization. However, the economic factors alone cannot account for the precise moment of launching nor for the nature of the openings. To do so we must take into consideration internal and international political factors. Particularly, it was the commonly repeated crisis of coercion and execution which set off the processes of liberalization and democratization. In several cases, international actors exerted decisive pressure. These processes were ridden by unilateralism since they were neither negotiated nor derived from social demands and by partiality as they only affected some political functions. The inconsistency generated by both features halted the transformations and became a limit to fundamental change of the regimes.
The end of the 1980s and part of the 1990s was for the Maghreb a period of systemic crisis followed by political openings and transformations. Most of them had an economic background and took place in an atmosphere of economic liberalization. However, the economic factors alone cannot account for the precise moment of launching nor for the nature of the openings. To do so we must take into consideration internal and international political factors. Particularly, it was the commonly repeated crisis of coercion and execution which set off the processes of liberalization and democratization. In several cases, international actors exerted decisive pressure. These processes were ridden by unilateralism since they were neither negotiated nor derived from social demands and by partiality as they only affected some political functions. The inconsistency generated by both features halted the transformations and became a limit to fundamental change of the regimes.