Publication: Estudio genético de la plaga del olivo "bactrocera oleae" (Rossi 1790) y su aplicación al control biológico
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2019-01-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Con más de 2.5 millones de hectáreas dedicadas al olivo, España es el principal productor y exportador mundial de aceite de oliva y aceituna de mesa. La mosca Bactrocera oleae, considerada la mayor plaga del cultivo en el Mediterráneo, genera graves pérdidas para el sector olivarero. El conocimiento biológico de esta especie es fundamental para una lucha eficaz. Por este motivo, esta tesis doctoral titulada “Estudio genético de la plaga del olivo Bactrocera oleae (Rossi 1790) y su aplicación al control biológico” profundizará en el análisis dela estructura genética de plaga, la caracterización de las resistencias a organofosforados en el área mediterránea y el diseño de herramientas moleculares para evaluar la contribución de la fauna edáfica olivarera al control biológico por depredación como medida más respetuosa con el agroecosistema. Mediante marcadores mitocondriales e intermicrosatélites nucleares se han caracterizado los niveles de diversidad genética y sus patrones de distribución en las poblaciones españolas y otros cinco países productores de la cuenca del Mediterráneo. Los valores de diversidad genética fueron muy elevados y guardarían relación con el largo tiempo que B. oleae lleva establecida en el área analizada, cuya última expansión se ha estimado en unos 66,000 años, y con grandes tamaños poblacionales. Ambos marcadores reflejaron la ausencia de diferenciación entre las poblaciones ibéricas, que constituirían una gran metapoblación. Esta estructura se ve apoyada por un flujo genético considerable, facilitado por la vasta extensión dedicada a este cultivo, que conduciría a la homogenización de las mismas...
Spain, with more than 2.5 million ha. dedicated to the olive cultivation, is the main producer and exporter of olive oil and table olives worldwide. The olive fruit fly, Bactroceraoleae, is considered the major pest in the Mediterranean groves and its presence causes several economic losses given the premature fall of the olive fruit or the devaluation of the olive oil quality. Thus, the present PhD thesis titled “Genetic study of the olive pest Bactroceraoleae (Rossi 1790) and its application to biological control” has three main objectives: to increase the knowledge of its genetic structure in the Mediterranean basin, the characterization of the mutations associated to organophosphates resistance in its populationsand the design of a molecular tool to identify the contribution to the biological control of the potential predators present at the olive agroecosystem.The levels of genetic diversity and their distribution patterns in the Spanish olive fruitfly populations and other five producer countries of the Mediterranean basin have been characterized using mitochondrial markers and nuclear intermicrosatellites. The values of genetic diversity resulted very high. This fact would be related to the long time elapsed since B.oleae is established in the analysed area, whose last expansion has been estimated by molecular dating in about 66,000 years. Also, this high variability would be related to the large population size. Both types of markers reflected the absence of differentiation among the Iberian populations and the fact that they would constitute a single large population. This structure is supported by a considerable gene flow, facilitated by the vast extension dedicated to this crops, which would lead to its genetic homogenization.
Spain, with more than 2.5 million ha. dedicated to the olive cultivation, is the main producer and exporter of olive oil and table olives worldwide. The olive fruit fly, Bactroceraoleae, is considered the major pest in the Mediterranean groves and its presence causes several economic losses given the premature fall of the olive fruit or the devaluation of the olive oil quality. Thus, the present PhD thesis titled “Genetic study of the olive pest Bactroceraoleae (Rossi 1790) and its application to biological control” has three main objectives: to increase the knowledge of its genetic structure in the Mediterranean basin, the characterization of the mutations associated to organophosphates resistance in its populationsand the design of a molecular tool to identify the contribution to the biological control of the potential predators present at the olive agroecosystem.The levels of genetic diversity and their distribution patterns in the Spanish olive fruitfly populations and other five producer countries of the Mediterranean basin have been characterized using mitochondrial markers and nuclear intermicrosatellites. The values of genetic diversity resulted very high. This fact would be related to the long time elapsed since B.oleae is established in the analysed area, whose last expansion has been estimated by molecular dating in about 66,000 years. Also, this high variability would be related to the large population size. Both types of markers reflected the absence of differentiation among the Iberian populations and the fact that they would constitute a single large population. This structure is supported by a considerable gene flow, facilitated by the vast extension dedicated to this crops, which would lead to its genetic homogenization.
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 31-10-2018