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The Communist Manifesto and the Lure of Scientific Socialism

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2018
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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The Communist Manifesto (1848) was an explosive pamphlet written by Karl Marx with the help of Friedrich Engels, where he predicted the inevitable of downfall of capitalism and the coming dawn of communism. The seduction of this powerful piece of rhetoric lay in the combination of three elements: the assertion that its arguments were scientific, the tone of moral indignation, and the rousing call to arms for a social revolution. Of course, he failed in his prediction of the immiseration of the working classes, and the inevitable march of the free market towards allembracing monopoly. But the mistakes with the crueller outcomes were another two: that capitalist growth was based on the primitive accumulation of value extracted from the working class; and that scientific and technical progress was not brought about by free competition but was an automatic result of material conditions. Here were implicit an excuse for oppression and a hatred of individual freedom.
El Manifiesto comunista (1848) fue un explosivo folleto escrito por Karl Marx con la ayuda de Friedrich Engels, donde predijo la inevitable caída del capitalismo y la llegada del comunismo. La seducción de esta poderosa pieza de retórica radica en la combinación de tres elementos: la afirmación de que sus argumentos eran científicos, el tono de indignación moral y el llamamiento a las armas para una revolución social. Por supuesto, fracasó en su predicción del empobrecimiento de las clases trabajadoras y el inevitable progreso del libre mercado hacia un monopolio generalizado. Pero los errores con peores resultados fueron otros dos: que el crecimiento capitalista se basa en la acumulación primitiva de valor arrebatado a la clase trabajadora; y que el progreso científico y técnico no proviene de la libre competencia, sino que es un resultado automático de las condiciones materiales. Estos argumentos llevaban implícita una excusa para la opresión y un odio a la libertad individual.
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