Publication: Un soplo de Marx y un aire de socialismo en Marshall
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2018
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Es conocida la preocupación de Alfred Marshall –al menos autoproclamada– por las condiciones de vida de los trabajadores, la pobreza o la desigualdad extrema, así como sus simpatías hacia los movimientos asociacionistas obreros y sus líderes, con quienes compartió amistad, reuniones, inquietudes filosóficas y hasta políticas. En este ensayo me propongo aclarar y determinar qué posiciones y propuestas defendió Alfred Marshall; hasta qué punto mantuvo ideas o puntos de vista socialistas y qué cambios o evoluciones experimentaron. Y, finalmente, si dichas posiciones o ideas permiten considerarlo un teórico puramente abstracto y alejado de cuestiones morales; un victoriano conservador, y hasta retrógrado; o un reformador socialista, un redistribuidor, tal vez más impetuoso en su juventud, que nos permita contemplarlo como un intervencionista.
Alfred Marshall’s self-proclaimed concern about workers living conditions, poverty or extreme inequality is well known, as well as his sympathies towards workers’ associationist movements and their leaders, with whom he shared friendship, meetings, philosophical and even political worries. In this article, I intend to clarify and determine what positions and proposals Alfred Marshall defended; to what extent did he maintain socialist ideas and how did his ideas change? And, in the last analysis, if these positions allow us to consider him a purely abstract theorist, far away from moral questions; a Victorian conservative, even a retrograde; or a socialist reformer, a redistributor, perhaps more impetuous in his youth, allowing us to see him as an interventionist.
Alfred Marshall’s self-proclaimed concern about workers living conditions, poverty or extreme inequality is well known, as well as his sympathies towards workers’ associationist movements and their leaders, with whom he shared friendship, meetings, philosophical and even political worries. In this article, I intend to clarify and determine what positions and proposals Alfred Marshall defended; to what extent did he maintain socialist ideas and how did his ideas change? And, in the last analysis, if these positions allow us to consider him a purely abstract theorist, far away from moral questions; a Victorian conservative, even a retrograde; or a socialist reformer, a redistributor, perhaps more impetuous in his youth, allowing us to see him as an interventionist.
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Elliot, John E. 1990. Alfred Marshall on Socialism. Review of Social Economy, 48(4), pp. 450-476. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/29769527.
Fish, George. 2012. The Alfred Marshall the Left Doesn’t Know. New Politics, March 25, 2012. http://newpol.org/content/alfred-marshall-left-doesnt-know. Última visita 26 de marzo de 2018.
Groenewegen, Peter. 1995. A Soaring Eagle: Alfred Marshall 1842-1924. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
Keynes, John Maynard. [1924] 1966. Alfred Marshall, (1842-1924). En A. C. Pigou (ed.), Memorials of Alfred Marshall. London: Macmillan, pp. 1-65.
Keynes, John Maynard. [1936] 1973. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Vol. VII. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes. London: Macmillan and Cambridge University Press for The Royal Economic Society.
Marshall, Alfred. [1873] 1966. The Future of the Working Classes. En A. C. Pigou (ed.), Memorials of Alfred Marshall. London: Macmillan, pp. 101-118.
Marshall, Alfred. [1889] 1966. Cooperation. En A. C. Pigou (ed.), Memorials of Alfred Marshall. London: Macmillan, pp. 227-255.
Marshall, Alfred. [1890a] 1920. Principles of Economics, London, Macmillan. [8ª edición, 1920]. Se ha utilizado la Novena Edición (Variorum) anotada por C. W. Guillebaud, London: Macmillan, 1961. Existe traducción española como Alfred Marshall. 1948. Principios de Economía, Madrid: Aguilar. Se ha utilizado también la 4ª edición de esta traducción que corresponde a 1963.
Marshall, Alfred. [1890b] 1966. Some Aspects of Competition. En A. C. Pigou (ed.), Memorials of Alfred Marshall. London: Macmillan, pp. 256-291.
Marshall, Alfred. 1892. Elements of Economics of Industry. Vol. I. London: Macmillan. (4ª edición 1913).
Marshall, Alfred. [1907] 1966. Social Possibilities of Economic Chivalry. En A. C. Pigou (ed.), Memorials of Alfred Marshall. London: Macmillan, pp. 323-346.
Marshall, Alfred. 1919. Industry and Trade. London: Macmillan. (4ª edición 1923).
Marshall, Alfred. [1925] 1966. Memorials of Alfred Marshall. Pigou, Arthur Cecil (ed.). New York: Augustus M. Kelley.
Marshall, Alfred y Marshall, Mary Paley. 1879. The Economics of Industry. London: Macmillan.
Marshall, Mary Paley. 1947. What I Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McWilliams-Tullberg, Rita [1975] 1982. Marshall’s ‘Tendency to Socialism’. En John Cunningham Wood (ed.), Alfred Marshall. Critical Assessments. Vol. I. London: Croom Helm, pp. 374-408. Original en History of Political Economy, 7(1), 1975, pp. 75-111.
Méndez Ibisate, Fernando. 1996. Alfred Marshall y el banco central: política monetaria. Revista de Historia Económica, XIV(3), pp. 641-669.
Méndez Ibisate, Fernando. 2004. Marginalistas y neoclásicos. Madrid: Ed. Síntesis.
Méndez Ibisate, Fernando. 2007. Mary Paley Marshall (1850-1944). En Perdices de Blas y Gallego Abaroa (coord.), Mujeres Economistas. Madrid, Ecobook, pp. 151-196. Existe una versión preliminar y más amplia de este ensayo en Fernando Méndez Ibisate. Documentos de Trabajo de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales nº 22, 2001, ISSN: 2255-5471. http://eprints.ucm.es/6744/1/0122.pdf. o también http://webs.ucm.es/BUCM/cee/doc/01-22/0122.pdf. Últimas consultas 25 de marzo de 2018.
Reisman, David A. 1990. Alfred Marshall as a Social Economist. Review of Social Economy, 48(4), pp. 395-414. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/29769524.
Rima, Ingrid H. 1990. Marshall’s Concern About Poverty: A Hundredth Anniversary Retrospective. Review of Social Economy, 48(4), pp. 415-435. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/29769525.
Robbins, Lionel. 1961. The Theory of Economic Policy. London: Macmillan & Co. Existe traducción española, Teoría de Política Económica, Madrid: Rialp. 1966.
Samuels, Warren J. and Thomas Schuster. 1990. Aspects of the Discursive and Interpretive Structure of Marshall’s Arguments Concerning Labor Economics. Review of Social Economy, 48(4), pp. 436-449. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/29769526.
Stigler, George J. 1969. Alfred Marshall’s Lectures on Progress and Poverty. The Journal of Law and Economics, 12(1), pp. 181-226.
Whitaker, John K. [1972] 1982. Alfred Marshall: The Years 1877 to 1885. En John Cunningham Wood (ed.), Alfred Marshall. Critical Assessments. Vol. I. London: Croom Helm, pp. 98-147. Original en History of Political Economy, 4(1), 1972, pp. 1-61.
Whitaker, John K. (ed.). 1975. The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall. Vols. I y II. London: Macmillan & Co.