Publication: Revisión bibliográfica de la planificación anticipada de decisiones y papel de la enfermería
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2018-05
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Abstract
Introducción: En España, en las últimas décadas, se ha dado un cambio hacia una relación asistencial deliberativa y un mayor respeto de los deseos del paciente, impulsando así el modelo de Planificación Anticipada de Decisiones (PAD) en la práctica clínica. La PAD es un proceso de comunicación complejo en el cual los profesionales ayudan a los pacientes y a familiares a comprender la situación clínica actual, a aceptar cambios presentes y futuros en su calidad de vida, a participar en la toma de decisiones de su tratamiento, y a revisar éstas cuando el paciente lo desee.
Metodología: Análisis de la evolución y la situación de la PAD en España mediante una revisión bibliográfica narrativa con una búsqueda exhaustiva comprendida entre los meses de diciembre 2017 a marzo 2018, empleando las bases de datos y seleccionando la literatura según los criterios de inclusión para cumplir con los objetivos establecidos.
Objetivos: Valorar el uso, la necesidad y la percepción de la PAD y determinar el papel que desempeña la enfermería.
Desarrollo: Se estudia de la importancia de la PAD en España, identificando los beneficios y las limitaciones de su aplicación y ofreciendo indicaciones para su correcta implementación. Para ello, se analizan las actitudes y percepciones de los profesionales sanitarios y se valora también el futuro del papel de la enfermería en la PAD.
Conclusión: Hay una gran necesidad de formar a los profesionales, de realizar más investigación, de impulsar cambios en la gestión de la institución sanitaria y de fomentar un cambio en la cultura asistencial actual, para lograr así implementar eficazmente la PAD en España.
Introduction: In Spain, in recent years, there has a been a change towards a deliberative healthcare relationship and a greater respect to patients’ wishes, encouraging in this way Advance Care Planning (ACP) models in clinical practice. The ACP is a complex communication process in which professionals help patients and their families to understand the current clinical situation, to accept present and future changes in their quality of life, to participate in decision making related to their treatments, and to revise these whenever the patient wishes to. Methodology: Analysis of the development and the situation of ACP in Spain through an exhaustive narrative bibliographical revision between the months of December 2017 and March 2018, using nursing scientific databases, and selecting literature according to the inclusion criteria to fulfil the established objectives. Objectives: Value the use, the need and the perception of ACP and determine nursing’s role in this process. Discussion: The importance of ACP in Spain is studied, identifying the benefits and limitations of its application and offering suggestions for its successful implementation. To this end, the attitudes and perceptions of health professionals are analysed and also the future role of nursing in ACP is evaluated. Conclusion: There is a great need to train professionals, to carry out more investigation, to make changes in the management of the healthcare institution and to encourage a change in the current culture of healthcare assistance.
Introduction: In Spain, in recent years, there has a been a change towards a deliberative healthcare relationship and a greater respect to patients’ wishes, encouraging in this way Advance Care Planning (ACP) models in clinical practice. The ACP is a complex communication process in which professionals help patients and their families to understand the current clinical situation, to accept present and future changes in their quality of life, to participate in decision making related to their treatments, and to revise these whenever the patient wishes to. Methodology: Analysis of the development and the situation of ACP in Spain through an exhaustive narrative bibliographical revision between the months of December 2017 and March 2018, using nursing scientific databases, and selecting literature according to the inclusion criteria to fulfil the established objectives. Objectives: Value the use, the need and the perception of ACP and determine nursing’s role in this process. Discussion: The importance of ACP in Spain is studied, identifying the benefits and limitations of its application and offering suggestions for its successful implementation. To this end, the attitudes and perceptions of health professionals are analysed and also the future role of nursing in ACP is evaluated. Conclusion: There is a great need to train professionals, to carry out more investigation, to make changes in the management of the healthcare institution and to encourage a change in the current culture of healthcare assistance.